CD8(+) Lymphocytes Are Required for Maintaining Viral Suppression in SIV-Infected Macaques Treated with Short-Term Antiretroviral Therapy

Overview

Journal Immunity

Publisher Cell Press

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2016 Sep 23

PMID 27653601

Citations 131

Authors

Emily K Cartwright

Lori Spicer

S Abigail Smith

David Lee

Randy Fast

Sara Paganini

Benton O Lawson

Melon Nega

Kirk Easley

Joern E Schmitz

Steven E Bosinger

Mirko Paiardini

Ann Chahroudi

Thomas H Vanderford

Jacob D Estes

Jeffrey D Lifson

Cynthia A Derdeyn

Guido Silvestri

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Infection with HIV persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and treatment interruption results in rapid viral rebound. Antibody-mediated CD8(+) lymphocyte depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) shows that these cells contribute to viral control in untreated animals. However, the contribution of CD8(+) lymphocytes to maintaining viral suppression under ART remains unknown. Here, we have shown that in SIV-infected RMs treated with short-term (i.e., 8-32 week) ART, depletion of CD8(+) lymphocytes resulted in increased plasma viremia in all animals and that repopulation of CD8(+) T cells was associated with prompt reestablishment of virus control. Although the number of SIV-DNA-positive cells remained unchanged after CD8 depletion and reconstitution, the frequency of SIV-infected CD4(+) T cells before depletion positively correlated with both the peak and area under the curve of viremia after depletion. These results suggest a role for CD8(+) T cells in controlling viral production during ART, thus providing a rationale for exploring immunotherapeutic approaches in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals.

Citing Articles

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