Imparting Aromaticity to 2-pyridone Derivatives by -alkylation Resulted in New Competitive and Non-competitive PIM-1 Kinase Inhibitors with Caspase-activated Apoptosis
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New aromatic -alkyl pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesised as Proviral Integration Moloney (PIM)-1 kinase inhibitors. and showed potent anticancer activity against NFS-60, HepG-2, PC-3, and Caco-2 cell lines and low toxicity against normal human lung fibroblast Wi-38 cell line. Moreover, and induced apoptosis in the four tested cancer cell lines with high percentage. In addition, and significantly induced caspase 3/7 activation in HepG-2 cell line. Furthermore, and showed potent PIM-1 kinase inhibitory activity with IC = 0.110, 0.095 µM, respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that and were both competitive and non-competitive inhibitors for PIM-1 kinase enzyme. In addition, prediction of physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, ligand efficiency, ligand lipophilic efficiency, and induced fit docking studies were consistent with the biological and kinetic studies, and predicted that and could act as PIM-1 kinase competitive non-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) mimetics with drug like properties.