Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Clinical Practice

Overview

Journal Clin Diabetes

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2021 Jan 1

PMID 33384468

Citations 21

Authors

Eden M Miller

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring is poised to radically change the treatment of diabetes and patient engagement of those afflicted with this disease. This article will provide an overview of CGM and equip health care providers to begin integrating this technology into their clinical practice.

Citing Articles

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitors on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Institutional Financial Assistance.

Cheng K, Vera Cruz M, Tylee T, Kelly M J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025; :19322968251320122.

PMID: 39980262 PMC: 11843561. DOI: 10.1177/19322968251320122.

Scoping review protocol: The chrononutrition factors in association with glycemic outcomes in adult population.

Chong G, Kaur S, Talib R, Loy S, Tan H, Mok K PLoS One. 2025; 20(2):e0313931.

PMID: 39951411 PMC: 11828428. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313931.

Moving away from metal: Step toward the future with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds and novel antiproliferative agents.

Warren B, Tan K, Rajan D, Witheford M, Crawford S, Jaberi A JVS Vasc Sci. 2025; 6:100277.

PMID: 39906027 PMC: 11791325. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2024.100277.

Case Studies in Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Miller E Fed Pract. 2025; 41(Suppl 6):S1-S6.

PMID: 39839067 PMC: 11745472. DOI: 10.12788/fp.0529.

Continuous glucose monitoring among adults with type 2 diabetes receiving noninsulin or basal insulin therapy in primary care.

Shields S, Thomas R, Durham J, Moran J, Clary J, Ciemins E Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):31990.

PMID: 39738725 PMC: 11686249. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83548-4.

References

Jensen M, Mahmoudi Z, Christensen T, Tarnow L, Seto E, Johansen M . Evaluation of an Algorithm for Retrospective Hypoglycemia Detection Using Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2014; 8(1):117-122. PMC: 4454097. DOI: 10.1177/1932296813511744. View

Aleppo G, Laffel L, Ahmann A, Hirsch I, Kruger D, Peters A . A Practical Approach to Using Trend Arrows on the Dexcom G5 CGM System for the Management of Adults With Diabetes. J Endocr Soc. 2018; 1(12):1445-1460. PMC: 5760210. DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00388. View

Wright Jr E, Gavin 3rd J . Clinical Use of Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017; 19(S2):S12-S15. PMC: 5444501. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2017.0037. View

Distiller L, Cranston I, Mazze R . First Clinical Experience with Retrospective Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) Analysis in South Africa: Characterizing Glycemic Control with Ambulatory Glucose Profile. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2016; 10(6):1294-1302. PMC: 5094324. DOI: 10.1177/1932296816648165. View

Yardley J, Kenny G, Perkins B, Riddell M, Balaa N, Malcolm J . Resistance versus aerobic exercise: acute effects on glycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012; 36(3):537-42. PMC: 3579339. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0963. View

Reddy M, Jugnee N, El Laboudi A, Spanudakis E, Anantharaja S, Oliver N . A randomized controlled pilot study of continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring in people with Type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. Diabet Med. 2017; 35(4):483-490. PMC: 5888121. DOI: 10.1111/dme.13561. View

Rodbard D . Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Review of Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016; 18 Suppl 2:S3-S13. PMC: 4717493. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2015.0417. View

Dunn T, Xu Y, Hayter G, Ajjan R . Real-world flash glucose monitoring patterns and associations between self-monitoring frequency and glycaemic measures: A European analysis of over 60 million glucose tests. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017; 137:37-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.015. View

Haak T, Hanaire H, Ajjan R, Hermanns N, Riveline J, Rayman G . Flash Glucose-Sensing Technology as a Replacement for Blood Glucose Monitoring for the Management of Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: a Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Ther. 2016; 8(1):55-73. PMC: 5306122. DOI: 10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6. View

10.

Powers M, Cuddihy R, Wesley D, Morgan B . Continuous glucose monitoring reveals different glycemic responses of moderate- vs high-carbohydrate lunch meals in people with type 2 diabetes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; 110(12):1912-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.010. View

11.

Myette-Cote E, Terada T, Boule N . The Effect of Exercise with or Without Metformin on Glucose Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Can J Diabetes. 2015; 40(2):173-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.08.015. View

12.

Kudva Y, Ahmann A, Bergenstal R, Gavin 3rd J, Kruger D, Midyett L . Approach to Using Trend Arrows in the FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring Systems in Adults. J Endocr Soc. 2018; 2(12):1320-1337. PMC: 6243139. DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00294. View

13.

Al Hayek A, Al Dawish M . The Potential Impact of the FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring System on Mental Well-Being and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Prospective Study. Diabetes Ther. 2019; 10(4):1239-1248. PMC: 6612356. DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-0616-4. View

14.

Heinemann L . Continuous glucose monitoring and clinical trials. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010; 3(4):981-5. PMC: 2769938. DOI: 10.1177/193229680900300447. View

15.

Vigersky R, Shrivastav M . Role of continuous glucose monitoring for type 2 in diabetes management and research. J Diabetes Complications. 2016; 31(1):280-287. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.007. View

16.

Wood A, ONeal D, Furler J, Ekinci E . Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of the evidence, opportunities for future use and ongoing challenges. Intern Med J. 2018; 48(5):499-508. DOI: 10.1111/imj.13770. View

17.

Evans M, Welsh Z, Ells S, Seibold A . The Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring on Glycaemic Control as Measured by HbA1c: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials and Real-World Observational Studies. Diabetes Ther. 2019; 11(1):83-95. PMC: 6965602. DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-00720-0. View

18.

Hirsch I, Verderese C . PROFESSIONAL FLASH CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING WITH AMBULATORY GLUCOSE PROFILE REPORTING TO SUPPLEMENT A1C: RATIONALE AND PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION. Endocr Pract. 2017; 23(11):1333-1344. DOI: 10.4158/EP171962.RA. View

19.

Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal R, Amiel S, Beck R, Biester T . Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019; 42(8):1593-1603. PMC: 6973648. DOI: 10.2337/dci19-0028. View

20.

Bashir M, Elhadd T, Ali H, Baagar K, Abdel Hakam I, Al-Mohanadi D . A pilot study using flash continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type-2 diabetes on multiple anti-diabetic agents during Ramadan. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018; 12(6):965-968. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.06.005. View