Expanding the Limits of the Second Genetic Code with Ribozymes

Overview

Journal Nat Commun

Specialty Biology

Date 2019 Nov 10

PMID 31704912

Citations 46

Authors

Joongoo Lee

Kenneth E Schwieter

Andrew M Watkins

Do Soon Kim

Hao Yu

Kevin J Schwarz

Jongdoo Lim

Jaime Coronado

Michelle Byrom

Eric V Anslyn

Andrew D Ellington

Jeffrey S Moore

Michael C Jewett

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The site-specific incorporation of noncanonical monomers into polypeptides through genetic code reprogramming permits synthesis of bio-based products that extend beyond natural limits. To better enable such efforts, flexizymes (transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase-like ribozymes that recognize synthetic leaving groups) have been used to expand the scope of chemical substrates for ribosome-directed polymerization. The development of design rules for flexizyme-catalyzed acylation should allow scalable and rational expansion of genetic code reprogramming. Here we report the systematic synthesis of 37 substrates based on 4 chemically diverse scaffolds (phenylalanine, benzoic acid, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic monomers) with different electronic and steric factors. Of these substrates, 32 were acylated onto tRNA and incorporated into peptides by in vitro translation. Based on the design rules derived from this expanded alphabet, we successfully predicted the acylation of 6 additional monomers that could uniquely be incorporated into peptides and direct N-terminal incorporation of an aldehyde group for orthogonal bioconjugation reactions.

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