Surveillance of Noroviruses in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: Occurrence of New GIV Genotype in Clinical and Wastewater Samples

Overview

Journal Food Environ Virol

Publisher Springer

Specialties Environmental Health
Microbiology
Nutritional Sciences

Date 2017 Jun 23

PMID 28639212

Citations 13

Authors

Julia Monassa Fioretti

Tulio Machado Fumian

Monica Simoes Rocha

Ingrid de Arruda Lucena Dos Santos

Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa

Matheus Ribeiro de Assis

Janaina de Souza Rodrigues

Jose Paulo Gagliardi Leite

Marize Pereira Miagostovich

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Genogroup (G) IV norovirus (NoV) has been described in the literature as infectious agents in humans, although there are few reports regarding the frequency and spread of this virus, resulting in insufficient epidemiological data. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of GIV norovirus in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in order to evaluate frequency, concentration, and genetic diversity using clinical and environmental approaches. For this purpose, 316 stool samples were collected from acute gastroenteritis cases reported over a period of three years. Wastewater samples were also obtained from the main wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Rio de Janeiro throughout one year, totalizing 156 samples. All samples were submitted to quantitative analysis by TaqMan™ real-time PCR for GIV norovirus. Three out of 316 clinical samples were positive (0.9%) for GIV, with viral load ranging from 10 to 10 genome copies (CG) per gram. Regarding wastewater samples, GIV were detected in 52% of raw sewage, with viral load ranging from 10 to 10 CG per liter. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of a new GIV genotype in both clinical and environmental samples. To our knowledge, this is the first description of GIV norovirus in clinical samples in Brazil. These results demonstrate the importance of performing laboratory surveillance of clinical and environmental samples, assisting the comprehension of the epidemiology pattern of viruses with neglected diagnosis and indefinite impact in the population.

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