Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains Infecting Children Throughout Australia During 1986-1987. A Study of Serotype and RNA Electropherotype

The epidemiology of human rotaviruses throughout Australia was studied by examining 344 rotavirus positive faecal specimens using an enzyme immunoassay incorporating serotype specific monoclonal antibodies. Specimens were collected from children less than 5 years old admitted to urban hospitals for treatment of acute diarrhoea during the winter months of 1986 and/or 1987 in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia. The infecting rotavirus serotype was identified in 229 of 344 (66.6%) specimens. The predominant serotype throughout Australia was serotype 1 which was identified in 218 of 229 (95%) typable specimens. The majority (201 of 218) were identified as monotype 1a strains. Serotype 2 strains were found in Perth, Western Australia in 2 of 12 specimens collected in 1986 and in 6 of 32 specimens collected in 1987. RNA electropherotypes comprising 30 different patterns were detected after co-electrophoresis of 143 of the 218 serotyped strains. Twenty-nine electropherotypes were serologically homogeneous. One electropherotype contained strains with different monotypes including 1a, 1b, and 1d. The results show remarkable serological uniformity, associated with genetic diversity of rotavirus strains identified in widely separated areas of Australia during one winter.