UAG Readthrough During TMV RNA Translation: Isolation and Sequence of Two TRNAs with Suppressor Activity from Tobacco Plants

Overview

Journal EMBO J

Specialties Biotechnology
Molecular Biology

Date 1984 Feb 1

PMID 16453503

Citations 87

Authors

H Beier

M Barciszewska

G Krupp

R Mitnacht

H J Gross

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The hypothetical replicase or replicase subunit cistron in the 5'-proximal part of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA yields a major 126-K protein and a minor 183-K ;readthrough' protein in vivo and in vitro. Two natural suppressor tRNAs were purified from uninfected tobacco plants on the basis of their ability to promote readthrough over the corresponding UAG termination codon in vitro. In a reticulocyte lysate the yield of 183-K readthrough protein increases from 10% in the absence of added tobacco plant tRNA up to 35% in the case of pure tRNA added. Their amino acid acceptance and anticodon sequence (GpsiA) identifies the two natural suppressor tRNAs as the two normal major cytoplasmic tyrosine-specific tRNAs. tRNA(1) has an A:U pair at the base of the TpsiC stem and an unmodified G(10), whereas tRNA(2) contains a G:C pair in the corresponding location and mG in position 10. This is the first case that, in a higher eukaryote, the complete structure is known of both the natural suppressor tRNAs and the corresponding viral RNA on which they exert their function. The corresponding codon-anticodon interaction, which is not in accordance with the wobble hypothesis, and the possible biological significance of the readthrough phenomenon is discussed.

Citing Articles

Readthrough Activators and Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Inhibitor Molecules: Real Potential in Many Genetic Diseases Harboring Premature Termination Codons.

Benslimane N, Loret C, Chazelas P, Favreau F, Faye P, Lejeune F Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024; 17(3).

PMID: 38543100 PMC: 10975577. DOI: 10.3390/ph17030314.

Translation of Plant RNA Viruses.

Geng G, Wang D, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhu M, Cao X Viruses. 2021; 13(12).

PMID: 34960768 PMC: 8708638. DOI: 10.3390/v13122499.

Tissue-specific regulation of translational readthrough tunes functions of the traffic jam transcription factor.

Karki P, Carney T, Maracci C, Yatsenko A, Shcherbata H, Rodnina M Nucleic Acids Res. 2021; 50(11):6001-6019.

PMID: 34897510 PMC: 9226519. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1189.

Stop codon readthrough alters the activity of a POU/Oct transcription factor during Drosophila development.

Zhao Y, Lindberg B, Esfahani S, Tang X, Piazza S, Engstrom Y BMC Biol. 2021; 19(1):185.

PMID: 34479564 PMC: 8417969. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01106-0.

A Respiratory Syncytial Virus Attachment Gene Variant Associated with More Severe Disease in Infants Decreases Fusion Protein Expression, Which May Facilitate Immune Evasion.

Human S, Hotard A, Rostad C, Lee S, McCormick L, Larkin E J Virol. 2020; 95(2).

PMID: 33115881 PMC: 7944440. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01201-20.

References

Lockard R, Heckman J, MACGEE J, Tabor M, RajBhandary U . Sequence analysis of 5'[32P] labeled mRNA and tRNA using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978; 5(1):37-56. PMC: 341960. DOI: 10.1093/nar/5.1.37. View

Walker R, RajBhandary U . The nucleotide sequence of formylmethionine tRNA from Mycoplasma mycoides sp. capri. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978; 5(1):57-70. PMC: 341961. DOI: 10.1093/nar/5.1.57. View

Donis-Keller H, Maxam A, Gilbert W . Mapping adenines, guanines, and pyrimidines in RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977; 4(8):2527-38. PMC: 342589. DOI: 10.1093/nar/4.8.2527. View

Siegel A, Hari V, Kolacz K . The effect of tobacco mosaic virus infection on host and virus-specific protein synthesis in protoplasts. Virology. 1978; 85(2):494-503. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90456-7. View

Beachy R, Zaitlin M . Characterization and in vitro translation of the RNAs from less-than-full-length, virus-related, nucleoprotein rods present in tobacco mosaic virus preparations. Virology. 1977; 81(1):160-9. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90068-x. View

Gupta R, Randerath K . Use of specific endonuclease cleavage in RNA sequencing-an enzymic method for distinguishing between cytidine and uridine residues. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977; 4(10):3441-54. PMC: 342663. DOI: 10.1093/nar/4.10.3441. View

Gillum A, Urquhart N, Smith M, RajBhandary U . Nucleotide sequence of salmon testes and salmon liver cytoplasmic initiator tRNA. Cell. 1975; 6(3):395-405. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90189-0. View

Laskey R, Mills A . Quantitative film detection of 3H and 14C in polyacrylamide gels by fluorography. Eur J Biochem. 1975; 56(2):335-41. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02238.x. View

Zaitlin M, Duda C, Petti M . Replication of tobacco mosaic virus. V. Properties of the bound and solubilized replicase. Virology. 1973; 53(2):300-11. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90207-9. View

10.

Laemmli U . Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970; 227(5259):680-5. DOI: 10.1038/227680a0. View

11.

Bossi L . Context effects: translation of UAG codon by suppressor tRNA is affected by the sequence following UAG in the message. J Mol Biol. 1983; 164(1):73-87. DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(83)90088-8. View

12.

HATFIELD D, Diamond A, Dudock B . Opal suppressor serine tRNAs from bovine liver form phosphoseryl-tRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982; 79(20):6215-9. PMC: 347090. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.20.6215. View

13.

Gross H, Krupp G, Domdey H, Raba M, Jank P, Lossow C . Nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of citrus exocortis and chrysanthemum stunt viroid. Eur J Biochem. 1982; 121(2):249-57. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05779.x. View

14.

Geller A, Rich A . A UGA termination suppression tRNATrp active in rabbit reticulocytes. Nature. 1980; 283(5742):41-6. DOI: 10.1038/283041a0. View

15.

Tyc K, Kikuchi Y, Konarska M, Filipowicz W, Gross H . Ligation of endogenous tRNA 3' half molecules to their corresponding 5' halves via 2'-phosphomonoester,3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in extracts of Chlamydomonas. EMBO J. 1983; 2(4):605-10. PMC: 555068. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01470.x. View

16.

Philipson L, Andersson P, Olshevsky U, Weinberg R, Baltimore D, Gesteland R . Translation of MuLV and MSV RNAs in nuclease-treated reticulocyte extracts: enhancement of the gag-pol polypeptide with yeast suppressor tRNA. Cell. 1978; 13(1):189-99. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90149-6. View

17.

LAGERKVIST U . "Two out of three": an alternative method for codon reading. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978; 75(4):1759-62. PMC: 392419. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1759. View

18.

Weissenbach J, DIRHEIMER G, Falcoff R, Sanceau J, FALCOFF E . Yeast tRNALeu (anticodon U--A--G) translates all six leucine codons in extracts from interferon treated cells. FEBS Lett. 1977; 82(1):71-6. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80888-0. View

19.

Peattie D . Direct chemical method for sequencing RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979; 76(4):1760-4. PMC: 383470. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1760. View

20.

Pelham H . Leaky UAG termination codon in tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Nature. 1978; 272(5652):469-71. DOI: 10.1038/272469a0. View