Differential Immune Responses to Alpha-gal Epitopes on Xenografts and Allografts: Implications for Accommodation in Xenotransplantation

Overview

Journal J Clin Invest

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2000 Feb 17

PMID 10675356

Citations 45

Authors

M Tanemura

D Yin

A S Chong

U Galili

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Xenograft recipients produce large amounts of high-affinity anti-Gal IgG in response to Galalpha1-3Galbeta1- 4GlcNAc-R (alpha-gal) epitopes on the graft. In contrast, ABO-mismatched allograft recipients undergo "accommodation," a state of very weak immune response to ABO antigens. These differences in anti-carbohydrate immune response were studied in alpha1,3galactosyltransferase knock-out mice. Pig kidney membranes administered to these mice elicited extensive production of anti-Gal IgG, whereas allogeneic kidney membranes expressing alpha-gal epitopes elicited only a weak anti-Gal IgM response. Anti-Gal IgG response to xenograft membranes depended on helper T cell activation and was inhibited by anti-CD40L antibody. These T cells were activated by xenopeptides and not by alpha-gal epitopes. Moreover, allogeneic cell membranes manipulated to express xenoproteins also induced anti-Gal IgG response. Xenoglycoproteins with alpha-gal epitopes are processed by anti-Gal B cells. Xenopeptides presented by these cells activate a large repertoire of helper T cells required for the differentiation of anti-Gal B cells into cells secreting anti-Gal IgG. Alloglycoproteins with alpha- gal epitopes have very few immunogenic peptides and fail to activate helper T cells. Similarly, ineffective helper T-cell activation prevents a strong immune response to blood group antigens in ABO-mismatched allograft recipients, thus enabling the development of accommodation.

Citing Articles

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Galili U, Li J, Schaer G Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024; 14(8).

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Accelerated Burn Healing in a Mouse Experimental Model Using α-Gal Nanoparticles.

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Sex, T Cells, and the Microbiome in Natural ABO Antibody Production in Mice.

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Antibody production and tolerance to the α-gal epitope as models for understanding and preventing the immune response to incompatible ABO carbohydrate antigens and for α-gal therapies.

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