Effect of Isoleucine, Valine, or Leucine Starvation on the Potential for Formation of the Branched-chain Amino Acid Biosynthetic Enzymes

The derepression of the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzymes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was examined under conditions of restriction of isoleucine, valine, or leucine (the three amino acids needed for multivalent repression of these enzymes). A procedure was used that allowed the measurement of enzyme-forming potential that accumulated during the starvation period, but could not be expressed unless the missing amino acid was supplied. The threonine deaminase (the product of the ilvA gene)-forming potential that accumulated under such conditions was found to be unstable and decayed with a half-life of about 2.5 min (at 37 C). Evidence was obtained that indicates the threonine deaminase-forming potential that accumulates under conditions of isoleucine starvation is in the form of initiated (rifampin-resistant), but uncompleted (actinomycin D-sensitive), messenger ribonucleic acid chains. Furthermore, it appears that a large portion of the threonine deaminase- and dehydrase (the product of the ilvD gene)-forming potential, under such conditions, is in the form of initiated polypeptide chains. Based on these results and results obtained with SuA(-) strains, a model is presented that explains how the second gene (D) in the ilvADE operon can be partially transcribed and translated under conditions in which there are no completed messenger ribonucleic acids for the gene (A) transcribed before it.