Influence of Running Surface Using Advanced Footwear Technology Spikes on Middle- and Long-Distance Running Performance Measures

This study evaluated the effects of advanced footwear technology (AFT) spikes on running performance measures, spatiotemporal variables, and perceptive parameters on different surfaces (track and grass). Twenty-seven male trained runners were recruited for this study. In Experiment 1, participants performed 12 × 200 m at a self-perceived 3000 m running pace with a recovery of 5 min. Performance (time in each repetition), spatiotemporal, and perceptive parameters were measured. In Experiment 2, participants performed 8 × 5 min at 4.44 m/s while energy cost of running (W/kg), spatiotemporal, and perceptive parameters were measured. In both experiments the surface was randomized and mirror order between spike conditions (Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) and PEBA + Plate) was used. Experiment 1: Runners were faster on the track ( = 0.002) and using PEBA + Plate spike ( = 0.049). Experiment 2: Running on grass increased energy cost ( = 0.03) and heart rate ( < 0.001) regardless of the spike used, while PEBA + Plate spike reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ( = 0.041). Step frequency was different across surfaces ( < 0.001) and spikes ( = 0.002), with increased performance and comfort perceived with PEBA + Plate spikes ( < 0.001; = 0.049). Running on the track surface with PEBA + Plate spikes enhanced auto-perceived 3000 m running performance, showed lower RER, and improved auto-perceptive comfort and performance. Running on grass surfaces increased energy cost and heart rate without differences between spike conditions.