Association Between Fast Eating Speed and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: a Multicenter Cross-sectional Study and Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal Nutr Diabetes

Specialties Endocrinology
Nutritional Sciences

Date 2024 Aug 14

PMID 39143072

Authors

Miao Zhang

Xiaoyang Sun

Xiaopeng Zhu

Lili Zheng

Yufang Bi

Qiang Li

Lirong Sun

Fusheng Di

Yushan Xu

Dalong Zhu

Yanyan Gao

Yuqian Bao

Yao Wang

Lanjie He

Chenmin Fan

Xin Gao

Jian Gao

Mingfeng Xia

Hua Bian

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: With the fast pace of modern life, people have less time for meals, but few studies have examined the association between the habit of fast eating and metabolic diseases.

Objective: Combining the results of the current study and the prior ones, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between fast eating and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: This is a sub-analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study of 1965 participants investigated the association between fast eating and MASLD in Chinese. Fast eating was defined as meal time less than five minutes and participants were divided into three categories based on their self-reported frequency of fast eating: ≤1 time/month, ≤1 time/week and ≥2 times/week. We further conducted a literature search for available studies published before November, 2023 as well as a meta-analysis to investigate the association between fast eating and MASLD.

Results: The proportion of MASLD was 59.3%, 50.5%, and 46.2% in participants with fast eating ≥2 times/week, ≤1 time/week and ≤1 time/month, respectively (P for trend <0.001). The frequency of fast eating was independently associated with risk of MASLD after multiple adjustment for sex, age, demographics, smoking and drinking status, BMI and clinical metabolic parameters (OR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.09-1.53). Participants who ate fast frequently (≥2 times/week) had 81% higher risk of MASLD (P = 0.011). A meta-analysis of five eligible studies confirmed that frequent fast eating was associated with increased risk of MASLD (pooled OR, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.07-1.39).

Conclusions: Frequent fast eating was associated with an increased risk of MASLD.

Citing Articles

Circadian Deregulation: Back Facing the Sun Toward Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Development.

Verdelho Machado M Nutrients. 2025; 16(24.

PMID: 39770915 PMC: 11679855. DOI: 10.3390/nu16244294.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease MASLD: Jordan's Perspective Based on Knowledge and Attitude Determinants.

Alqudah O, Alshahwan H, Alsamhouri J, Yamin S, Kaffaf A, Alassaf M Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2024; 17:2483-2491.

PMID: 39463728 PMC: 11512787. DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S481401.

References

Leeuwendaal N, Cryan J, Schellekens H . Gut peptides and the microbiome: focus on ghrelin. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2021; 28(2):243-252. PMC: 7924980. DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000616. View

Mansour-Ghanaei R, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Naghipour M, Joukar F . The Lifestyle Characteristics in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020; 7(19):3313-3318. PMC: 6953935. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.647. View

Yuan S, Liu Y, Liang W, Li F, Zeng Y, Liu Y . Association Between Eating Speed and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr. 2021; 8:700936. PMC: 8564065. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.700936. View

Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, Torres-Gonzalez A, Gra-Oramas B, Gonzalez-Fabian L . Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Modification Significantly Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015; 149(2):367-78.e5. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005. View

Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine J, Charlton M, Cusi K, Rinella M . The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2017; 67(1):328-357. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29367. View

Karl J, Young A, Rood J, Montain S . Independent and combined effects of eating rate and energy density on energy intake, appetite, and gut hormones. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013; 21(3):E244-52. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20075. View

Lee S, Ko B, Gong Y, Han K, Lee A, Han B . Self-reported eating speed in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. Eur J Nutr. 2015; 55(1):327-33. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0851-z. View

Li R, Sun X, Li P, Li W, Zhao L, Zhu L . GLP-1-Induced AMPK Activation Inhibits PARP-1 and Promotes LXR-Mediated ABCA1 Expression to Protect Pancreatic β-Cells Against Cholesterol-Induced Toxicity Through Cholesterol Efflux. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 9:646113. PMC: 8292745. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646113. View

Ozaki E, Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Yoshimoto T, Nagahama S, Muramatsu J . Eating quickly is associated with a low aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio in middle-aged adults: a large-scale cross-sectional survey in Japan. Arch Public Health. 2020; 78:101. PMC: 7565817. DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00482-3. View

10.

Cao X, Gu Y, Bian S, Zhang Q, Meng G, Liu L . Association between eating speed and newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among the general population. Nutr Res. 2020; 80:78-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.012. View

11.

Kokkinos A, le Roux C, Alexiadou K, Tentolouris N, Vincent R, Kyriaki D . Eating slowly increases the postprandial response of the anorexigenic gut hormones, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 95(1):333-7. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1018. View

12.

Rinella M, Lazarus J, Ratziu V, Francque S, Sanyal A, Kanwal F . A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023; 79(6):1542-1556. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.003. View

13.

Nishi T, Babazono A, Maeda T, Imatoh T, Une H . Effects of Eating Fast and Eating Before Bedtime on the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Popul Health Manag. 2015; 19(4):279-83. DOI: 10.1089/pop.2015.0088. View

14.

Xia M, Sun X, Zheng L, Bi Y, Li Q, Sun L . Regional difference in the susceptibility of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020; 8(1). PMC: 7287499. DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001311. View

15.

Kudo A, Asahi K, Satoh H, Iseki K, Moriyama T, Yamagata K . Fast eating is a strong risk factor for new-onset diabetes among the Japanese general population. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):8210. PMC: 6547735. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44477-9. View

16.

Hagstrom H, Vessby J, Ekstedt M, Shang Y . 99% of patients with NAFLD meet MASLD criteria and natural history is therefore identical. J Hepatol. 2023; 80(2):e76-e77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.08.026. View

17.

Hawton K, Ferriday D, Rogers P, Toner P, Brooks J, Holly J . Slow Down: Behavioural and Physiological Effects of Reducing Eating Rate. Nutrients. 2018; 11(1). PMC: 6357517. DOI: 10.3390/nu11010050. View

18.

Younossi Z, Anstee Q, Marietti M, Hardy T, Henry L, Eslam M . Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 15(1):11-20. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109. View

19.

Abu-Shanab A, Quigley E . The role of the gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010; 7(12):691-701. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.172. View

20.

Paz-Graniel I, Babio N, Mendez I, Salas-Salvado J . Association between Eating Speed and Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2019; 11(1). PMC: 6356451. DOI: 10.3390/nu11010083. View