Effects of Virtual Reality OSCE on Nursing Students' Education: a Study Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal BMJ Open

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 May 28

PMID 38806420

Authors

Ping Liu

Xuan Dong

Fei Liu

Haixia Fu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Virtual objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has been shown to influence the performance of nursing students. However, its specific effects, particularly students' competence, stress, anxiety, confidence, satisfaction with virtual reality OSCE and examiners' satisfaction, remain unclear.

Method And Analysis: This study aims to assess the effects of virtual reality OSCE on nursing students' education. The study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol guidelines. A literature search is performed on electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EBSCO, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria adhere to the PICOS principle, encompassing nursing students, including those studying in school and those engaged in hospital internship. This review includes studies on the use of virtual reality OSCE as an assessment tool, compared with traditional clinical examinations, such as in-person OSCE. The outcome assessments encompass (1) competence, (2) stress, (3) anxiety, (4) confidence, (5) student satisfaction with virtual reality OSCE and (6) examiners' satisfaction. These studies are designed as randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental research. The search time is from the inception of each database to 30 June 2023, without language restriction. Studies for inclusion are screened by two reviewers for data extraction dependently. Any dispute is resolved through discussion. Unresolved disputes are decided by consulting a third author. For the risk of bias (ROB) assessment, the Cochrane ROB tool for RCTs and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of intervention tool are used. Moreover, RevMan V.5.3 is used for meta-analysis.

Ethics And Dissemination: This study protocol does not include any clinical research and thus does not require ethical approval. Research findings are published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Prospero Registration Number: CRD42023437685.

References

Twamley J, Hamer O, Hill J, Kenyon R, Twamley H, Casey R . Exploring the perceptions of former ICU patients and clinical staff on barriers and facilitators to the implementation of virtual reality exposure therapy: A qualitative study. Nurs Crit Care. 2022; 29(2):313-324. DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12868. View

Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann H, Oxman A, Kunz R, Brozek J . GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011; 64(4):401-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015. View

Hoag J, Karst J, Bingen K, Palou-Torres A, Yan K . Distracting Through Procedural Pain and Distress Using Virtual Reality and Guided Imagery in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2022; 24(4):e30260. PMC: 9062714. DOI: 10.2196/30260. View

Alpert A, Moftakhar B . Confidence. J Clin Oncol. 2021; 39(21):2410-2412. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.00012. View

Vlake J, Van Bommel J, Wils E, Bienvenu J, Hellemons M, Korevaar T . Intensive Care Unit-Specific Virtual Reality for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2022; 24(1):e32368. PMC: 8812141. DOI: 10.2196/32368. View

Guyatt G, Oxman A, Sultan S, Glasziou P, Akl E, Alonso-Coello P . GRADE guidelines: 9. Rating up the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011; 64(12):1311-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.06.004. View

Sterne J, Hernan M, Reeves B, Savovic J, Berkman N, Viswanathan M . ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016; 355:i4919. PMC: 5062054. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i4919. View

Gilani S, Pankhania K, Aruketty M, Naeem F, Alkhayyat A, Akhtar U . Twelve tips to organise a mock OSCE. Med Teach. 2021; 44(1):26-31. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2021.1887465. View

Landis J, Koch G . The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977; 33(1):159-74. View

10.

Saad S, Richmond C, Jones K, Schlipalius M, Rienits H, Malau-Aduli B . Virtual OSCE Delivery and Quality Assurance During a Pandemic: Implications for the Future. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022; 9:844884. PMC: 9013903. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.844884. View

11.

Blythe J, Patel N, Spiring W, Easton G, Evans D, Meskevicius-Sadler E . Undertaking a high stakes virtual OSCE ("VOSCE") during Covid-19. BMC Med Educ. 2021; 21(1):221. PMC: 8057662. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02660-5. View

12.

Updike W, Cowart K, Woodyard J, Serag-Bolos E, Taylor J, Curtis S . Protecting the Integrity of the Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Am J Pharm Educ. 2021; 85(6):8438. PMC: 8341239. DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8438. View

13.

Arrogante O, Lopez-Torre E, Carrion-Garcia L, Polo A, Jimenez-Rodriguez D . High-Fidelity Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examinations with Standardized Patients in Nursing Students: An Innovative Proposal during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel). 2021; 9(3). PMC: 8004020. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030355. View

14.

Chan S, Choa G, Kelly J, Maru D, Rashid M . Implementation of virtual OSCE in health professions education: A systematic review. Med Educ. 2023; 57(9):833-843. DOI: 10.1111/medu.15089. View

15.

Guejdad K, Ikrou A, Strandell-Laine C, Abouqal R, Belayachi J . Clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher (CLES+T) scale: Translation and validation of the Arabic version. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022; 63:103374. DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103374. View

16.

Luke S, Petitt E, Tombrella J, McGoff E . Virtual Evaluation of Clinical Competence in Nurse Practitioner Students. Med Sci Educ. 2021; 31(4):1267-1271. PMC: 8143741. DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01312-z. View

17.

Tavakol M, OBrien D . Does widening participation status affect undergraduate medical student performance; a meta-analysis of knowledge-based assessments and OSCE over a 5-year period. Med Teach. 2021; 44(12):1421. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2021.2011848. View

18.

Jager M, den Boeft A, Versteeg-Pieterse A, Leij-Halfwerk S, Pelgrim T, van der Sande R . Observing cultural competence of healthcare professionals: A systematic review of observational assessment instruments. Patient Educ Couns. 2020; 104(4):750-759. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.010. View

19.

Deville R, Fellers C, Howard M . Lessons learned pivoting to a virtual OSCE: Pharmacy faculty and student perspectives. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2021; 13(11):1498-1502. DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.06.046. View

20.

Simon P . The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale as a valid measure of stress perception. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2020; 13(2):e12420. DOI: 10.1111/appy.12420. View