Vitamin D and Immune System

The active metabolite of vitamin D 1,25(OH)D is well known for its role in regulating calcium-phosphate homeostasis of the human body. However, the immunomodulating activity of 1,25(OH)D has been known for many years. There are numerous reports correlating low vitamin D levels in blood serum with the onset of autoimmune diseases and with the severe course of acute infections. In this chapter, we address the role of 1,25(OH)D in these diseases, and we discuss the possible mechanisms of action of 1,25(OH)D in immune cells.