Single-cell Multiomic Analysis of Thymocyte Development Reveals Drivers of CD4 T Cell and CD8 T Cell Lineage Commitment

Overview

Journal Nat Immunol

Date 2023 Aug 14

PMID 37580604

Authors

Zoe Steier

Dominik A Aylard

Laura L McIntyre

Isabel Baldwin

Esther Jeong Yoon Kim

Lydia K Lutes

Can Ergen

Tse-Shun Huang

Ellen A Robey

Nir Yosef

Aaron Streets

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The development of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the thymus is critical to adaptive immunity and is widely studied as a model of lineage commitment. Recognition of self-peptide major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) determines the CD8 or CD4 T cell lineage choice, respectively, but how distinct TCR signals drive transcriptional programs of lineage commitment remains largely unknown. Here we applied CITE-seq to measure RNA and surface proteins in thymocytes from wild-type and T cell lineage-restricted mice to generate a comprehensive timeline of cell states for each T cell lineage. These analyses identified a sequential process whereby all thymocytes initiate CD4 T cell lineage differentiation during a first wave of TCR signaling, followed by a second TCR signaling wave that coincides with CD8 T cell lineage specification. CITE-seq and pharmaceutical inhibition experiments implicated a TCR-calcineurin-NFAT-GATA3 axis in driving the CD4 T cell fate. Our data provide a resource for understanding cell fate decisions and implicate a sequential selection process in guiding lineage choice.

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