Involvement of AoMdr1 in the Regulation of the Fluconazole Resistance, Mycelial Fusion, Conidiation, and Trap Formation of

Overview

Journal Microorganisms

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2023 Jun 28

PMID 37375114

Authors

Yankun Liu

Xuewei Yang

Meichen Zhu

Na Bai

Wenjie Wang

Jinkui Yang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Multidrug resistance (Mdr) proteins are critical proteins for maintenance of drug resistance in fungi. Mdr1 has been extensively studied in ; its role in other fungi is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a homologous protein of Mdr (AoMdr1) in the nematode-trapping (NT) fungus . It was found that the deletion of resulted in a significant reduction in the number of hyphal septa and nuclei as well as increased sensitivity to fluconazole and resistance to hyperosmotic stress and SDS. The deletion of also led to a remarkable increase in the numbers of traps and mycelial loops in the traps. Notably, AoMdr1 was able to regulate mycelial fusion under low-nutrient conditions, but not under nutrient-rich conditions. AoMdr1 was also involved in secondary metabolism, and its deletion caused an increase in arthrobotrisins (specific compounds produced by NT fungi). These results suggest that AoMdr1 plays a crucial role in the fluconazole resistance, mycelial fusion, conidiation, trap formation, and secondary metabolism of . Our study contributes to the understanding of the critical role of Mdr proteins in mycelial growth and the development of NT fungi.

Citing Articles

Multiple Roles of the Low-Affinity Calcium Uptake System in , a Nematode-Trapping Fungus That Forms Constricting Rings.

Zhao X, Fan Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Xiang M, Kang S J Fungi (Basel). 2023; 9(10).

PMID: 37888231 PMC: 10607529. DOI: 10.3390/jof9100975.

References

Chen Y, Gao Y, Zhang K, Zou C . Autophagy is required for trap formation in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2013; 5(4):511-7. DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12054. View

Nazarov P . MDR Pumps as Crossroads of Resistance: Antibiotics and Bacteriophages. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022; 11(6). PMC: 9220107. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060734. View

Schubert S, Barker K, Znaidi S, Schneider S, Dierolf F, Dunkel N . Regulation of efflux pump expression and drug resistance by the transcription factors Mrr1, Upc2, and Cap1 in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(5):2212-23. PMC: 3088179. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01343-10. View

Song T, Zhao J, Ying S, Feng M . Differential contributions of five ABC transporters to mutidrug resistance, antioxidion and virulence of Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e62179. PMC: 3626590. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062179. View

Suchodolski J, Krasowska A . Fructose Induces Fluconazole Resistance in through Activation of Mdr1 and Cdr1 Transporters. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(4). PMC: 7924610. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042127. View

Colot H, Park G, Turner G, Ringelberg C, Crew C, Litvinkova L . A high-throughput gene knockout procedure for Neurospora reveals functions for multiple transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103(27):10352-10357. PMC: 1482798. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601456103. View

Liu Q, Li D, Bai N, Zhu Y, Yang J . Peroxin Pex14/17 Is Required for Trap Formation, and Plays Pleiotropic Roles in Mycelial Development, Stress Response, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. mSphere. 2023; 8(2):e0001223. PMC: 10117088. DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00012-23. View

Zhou D, Zhu Y, Bai N, Xie M, Zhang K, Yang J . and Regulate Autophagy and Play Different Roles in Conidiation, Trap Formation, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus . Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022; 11:824407. PMC: 8821819. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.824407. View

Yu X, Hu X, Pop M, Wernet N, Kirschhofer F, Brenner-Weiss G . Fatal attraction of Caenorhabditis elegans to predatory fungi through 6-methyl-salicylic acid. Nat Commun. 2021; 12(1):5462. PMC: 8443565. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25535-1. View

10.

Yang L, Li X, Xie M, Bai N, Yang J, Jiang K . Pleiotropic roles of Ras GTPases in the nematode-trapping fungus identified through multi-omics analyses. iScience. 2021; 24(8):102820. PMC: 8313493. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102820. View

11.

Su H, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Feng H, Jiang D, Zhang K . Trapping devices of nematode-trapping fungi: formation, evolution, and genomic perspectives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2015; 92(1):357-368. DOI: 10.1111/brv.12233. View

12.

Wang W, Zhao Y, Bai N, Zhang K, Yang J . AMPK Is Involved in Regulating the Utilization of Carbon Sources, Conidiation, Pathogenicity, and Stress Response of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Microbiol Spectr. 2022; 10(4):e0222522. PMC: 9431048. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02225-22. View

13.

Jiang D, Zhou J, Bai G, Xing X, Tang L, Yang X . Random mutagenesis analysis and identification of a novel CH-type transcription factor from the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):5640. PMC: 5514059. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06075-5. View

14.

Zhang G, Zheng Y, Ma Y, Yang L, Xie M, Zhou D . The Velvet Proteins VosA and VelB Play Different Roles in Conidiation, Trap Formation, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus . Front Microbiol. 2019; 10:1917. PMC: 6710351. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01917. View

15.

Bai N, Xie M, Liu Q, Wang W, Liu Y, Yang J . AoSte12 Is Required for Mycelial Development, Conidiation, Trap Morphogenesis, and Secondary Metabolism by Regulating Hyphal Fusion in Nematode-Trapping Fungus . Microbiol Spectr. 2023; :e0395722. PMC: 10101105. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03957-22. View

16.

Fattahi A, Zaini F, Kordbacheh P, Rezaie S, Safara M, Fateh R . Evaluation of mRNA Expression Levels of cyp51A and mdr1, Candidate Genes for Voriconazole Resistance in Aspergillus flavus. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016; 8(12):e26990. PMC: 4745269. DOI: 10.5812/jjm.26990. View

17.

Jiang K, Liu Q, Bai N, Zhu M, Zhang K, Yang J . AoSsk1, a Response Regulator Required for Mycelial Growth and Development, Stress Responses, Trap Formation, and the Secondary Metabolism in . J Fungi (Basel). 2022; 8(3). PMC: 8952730. DOI: 10.3390/jof8030260. View

18.

Jonkers W, Fischer M, Do H, Starr T, Glass N . Chemotropism and Cell Fusion in Neurospora crassa Relies on the Formation of Distinct Protein Complexes by HAM-5 and a Novel Protein HAM-14. Genetics. 2016; 203(1):319-34. PMC: 4858782. DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.185348. View

19.

Yang J, Wang L, Ji X, Feng Y, Li X, Zou C . Genomic and proteomic analyses of the fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora provide insights into nematode-trap formation. PLoS Pathog. 2011; 7(9):e1002179. PMC: 3164635. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002179. View

20.

Liu Q, Li D, Jiang K, Zhang K, Yang J . and Are Required for Mycelial Growth, Conidiation, Stress Response, Fatty Acid Utilization, and Trap Formation in . Microbiol Spectr. 2022; 10(2):e0027522. PMC: 9045386. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00275-22. View