» Articles » PMID: 36845142

Mechanisms of Drug Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Overview
Journal Front Immunol
Date 2023 Feb 27
PMID 36845142
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the form of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 have become the frontier of cancer treatment and successfully prolonged the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But the efficacy varies among different patient population, and many patients succumb to disease progression after an initial response to ICIs. Current research highlights the heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms and the critical role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in ICIs resistance. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of ICIs resistance in NSCLC, and proposed strategies to overcome resistance.

Citing Articles

Revolutionary Cancer Therapy for Personalization and Improved Efficacy: Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Almawash S Cancers (Basel). 2025; 17(5).

PMID: 40075727 PMC: 11899125. DOI: 10.3390/cancers17050880.


Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4Foxp3 Regulatory T Cell Immunosuppression.

Shao Y, Yang W, Nanayakkara G, Saaoud F, Ben Issa M, Xu K Int J Drug Discov Pharm. 2025; 3(4).

PMID: 39926714 PMC: 11804271. DOI: 10.53941/ijddp.2024.100022.


Role of the TME in immune checkpoint blockade resistance of non-small cell lung cancer.

Dai Y, Tian X, Ye X, Gong Y, Xu L, Jiao L Cancer Drug Resist. 2025; 7():52.

PMID: 39802954 PMC: 11724356. DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.166.


Towards precision medicine: design considerations for nanozymes in tumor treatment.

Li X, Hu J, Zhao Q, Yao W, Jing Z, Jin Z J Transl Med. 2024; 22(1):1033.

PMID: 39550581 PMC: 11568558. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05845-w.


Prognostic Indicators for Precision Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Ghosh D, McDonald H, Dutta R, Krishnan K, Thilakan J, Paul M Cells. 2024; 13(21.

PMID: 39513892 PMC: 11545304. DOI: 10.3390/cells13211785.


References
1.
Sharma P, Hu-Lieskovan S, Wargo J, Ribas A . Primary, Adaptive, and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Cell. 2017; 168(4):707-723. PMC: 5391692. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.017. View

2.
Xia L, Oyang L, Lin J, Tan S, Han Y, Wu N . The cancer metabolic reprogramming and immune response. Mol Cancer. 2021; 20(1):28. PMC: 7863491. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01316-8. View

3.
Wu K, Lin K, Li X, Yuan X, Xu P, Ni P . Redefining Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subpopulations and Functions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:1731. PMC: 7417513. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01731. View

4.
Munn D, Mellor A . IDO in the Tumor Microenvironment: Inflammation, Counter-Regulation, and Tolerance. Trends Immunol. 2016; 37(3):193-207. PMC: 4916957. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.01.002. View

5.
Oh S, Kim S, Keam B, Kim T, Kim D, Heo D . Soluble PD-L1 is a predictive and prognostic biomarker in advanced cancer patients who receive immune checkpoint blockade treatment. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1):19712. PMC: 8492653. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99311-y. View