and Neuroprotective Effects of Sarcosine

Overview

Journal Biomed Res Int

Publisher Wiley

Specialties Biomedical Engineering
Biotechnology
General Medicine

Date 2022 Oct 25

PMID 36281465

Authors

Arzugul Tanas

Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu

Tugba Gezmis

Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu

A M Abd El-Aty

Onur Ceylan

Adil Mardinoglu

Hasan Turkez

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioral and psychological symptoms in addition to cognitive impairment and loss of memory. The exact pathogenesis and genetic background of AD are unclear and there remains no effective treatment option. Sarcosine, an n-methyl derivative of glycine, showed a promising therapeutic strategy for some cognitive disorders. To our knowledge, the impacts of sarcosine supplementation against AD have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective potential of sarcosine in and AD model. studies have demonstrated that sarcosine increased the percentage of viable cells against aluminum induced neurotoxicity. In AlCl-induced rat model of AD, the level of antioxidant capacity was significantly decreased and expression levels of , , , and genes were elevated compared to the control group. Additionally, histopathological examinations of the hippocampus of AlCl-induced rat brains showed the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, the administration of sarcosine produced marked improvement and protection of AD-associated pathologies induced by AlCl in experimental rats. Therefore, this investigation may contribute to design novel therapeutic strategies using sarcosine for the management of AD pathologies.

Citing Articles

Efficient gene delivery admitted by small metabolites specifically targeting astrocytes in the mouse brain.

Zhou H, Dai J, Li D, Wang L, Ye M, Hu X Mol Ther. 2025; 33(3):1166-1179.

PMID: 39799395 PMC: 11897751. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.01.006.

Chromogranin A Deficiency Attenuates Tauopathy by Altering Epinephrine-Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling.

Mahata S, Jati S, Munoz-Mayorga D, Shahabi S, Tang K, Tao Y Res Sq. 2024; .

PMID: 39149499 PMC: 11326371. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4797912/v1.

Nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis "Nutra NMA SCZ".

Fornaro M, Caiazza C, Billeci M, Berk M, Marx W, Balanza-Martinez V Mol Psychiatry. 2024; 30(1):168-187.

PMID: 39026098 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02645-y.

Valorization potential of Egyptian mango kernel waste product as analyzed via GC/MS metabolites profiling from different cultivars and geographical origins.

El-Shabasy R, F Eissa T, Emam Y, Zayed A, Fayek N, Farag M Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):2886.

PMID: 38311611 PMC: 10838926. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53379-4.

Exploring the Mechanism of Immediate Analgesia Induced by Tuina Intervention on Minor Chronic Constriction Injury in Rats Using LC-MS.

Sachula , Yang Z, Yu T, Chen J, Zhang R, Zhang Y J Pain Res. 2024; 17:321-334.

PMID: 38283563 PMC: 10821647. DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S438682.

References

Cunha Xavier Pinto M, Mourao F, Binda N, Leite H, Gomez M, Massensini A . Pharmacological induction of ischemic tolerance in hippocampal slices by sarcosine preconditioning. Neurochem Int. 2012; 61(5):713-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.06.018. View

De Ferrari G, Inestrosa N . Wnt signaling function in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000; 33(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(00)00021-7. View

Coyle J, Puttfarcken P . Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science. 1993; 262(5134):689-95. DOI: 10.1126/science.7901908. View

Strzelecki D, Szyburska J, Rabe-Jablonska J . Two grams of sarcosine in schizophrenia - is it too much? A potential role of glutamate-serotonin interaction. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014; 10:263-6. PMC: 3921092. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S54024. View

Smith C, Carney J, Oliver C, Stadtman E, Floyd R, Markesbery W . Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991; 88(23):10540-3. PMC: 52964. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10540. View

Ulusu N . Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and Alzheimer's disease: Partners in crime? The hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2015; 85(2):219-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.006. View

Brion J . Neurofibrillary tangles and Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol. 1998; 40(3):130-40. DOI: 10.1159/000007969. View

De Strooper B, Karran E . The Cellular Phase of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell. 2016; 164(4):603-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.056. View

HOLTZMAN D, Brown M, OGorman E, Allred E, Wallimann T . Brain ATP metabolism in hypoxia resistant mice fed guanidinopropionic acid. Dev Neurosci. 1998; 20(4-5):469-77. DOI: 10.1159/000017345. View

10.

Cheraghi E, Golkar A, Roshanaei K, Alani B . Aluminium-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Alterations in Testicular Tissue and Sperm Quality in Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Curcumin. Int J Fertil Steril. 2017; 11(3):166-175. PMC: 5582144. DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2017.4859. View

11.

Nampoothiri M, John J, Kumar N, Mudgal J, Nampurath G, Chamallamudi M . Modulatory role of simvastatin against aluminium chloride-induced behavioural and biochemical changes in rats. Behav Neurol. 2015; 2015:210169. PMC: 4329790. DOI: 10.1155/2015/210169. View

12.

Akiyama H, Barger S, Barnum S, Bradt B, Bauer J, Cole G . Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000; 21(3):383-421. PMC: 3887148. DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00124-x. View

13.

Frost G, Jonas L, Li Y . Friend, Foe or Both? Immune Activity in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020; 11:337. PMC: 6916654. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00337. View

14.

Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Di Stefano A, Turkez H, Genovese S, Epifano F . Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel analogues of Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu (GPE) as neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2018; 29(2):194-198. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.057. View

15.

Janelsins M, Mastrangelo M, Oddo S, LaFerla F, Federoff H, Bowers W . Early correlation of microglial activation with enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression specifically within the entorhinal cortex of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2005; 2:23. PMC: 1276812. DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-2-23. View

16.

Decourt B, Lahiri D, Sabbagh M . Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2016; 14(4):412-425. PMC: 5328927. DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551. View

17.

Muller N . Inflammation and the glutamate system in schizophrenia: implications for therapeutic targets and drug development. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2008; 12(12):1497-507. DOI: 10.1517/14728220802507852. View

18.

Zenaro E, Pietronigro E, Della Bianca V, Piacentino G, Marongiu L, Budui S . Neutrophils promote Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin. Nat Med. 2015; 21(8):880-6. DOI: 10.1038/nm.3913. View

19.

Exley C . Human exposure to aluminium. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2013; 15(10):1807-1816. DOI: 10.1039/c3em00374d. View

20.

Haake A, Nguyen K, Friedman L, Chakkamparambil B, Grossberg G . An update on the utility and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2020; 19(2):147-157. DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1721456. View