The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Proteins in Immune Evasion

Overview

Journal Biomed Pharmacother

Specialties Biology
General Medicine
Pharmacology

Date 2022 Oct 20

PMID 36265309

Authors

Milad Zandi

Maryam Shafaati

Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki

Hossein Pourghadamyari

Mona Fani

Saber Soltani

Hassan Kaleji

Samaneh Abbasi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Many questions on the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis remain to answer. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes some accessory proteins that are essential for infection. Notably, accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2 play significant roles in affecting immune escape and viral pathogenesis. Therefore SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins could be considered putative drug targets. IFN-I and IFN-III responses are the primary mechanisms of innate antiviral immunity in infection clearance. Previous research has shown that SARS-CoV-2 suppresses IFN-β by infecting host cells via ORF3a, ORF3b, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, and ORF9b. Furthermore, ORF3a, ORF7a, and ORF7b have a role in blocking IFNα signaling, and ORF8 represses IFNβ signaling. The ORF3a, ORF7a, and ORF7b disrupt the STAT1/2 phosphorylation. ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, and ORF7b could prevent the ISRE promoter activity. The main SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins involved in immune evasion are discussed here for comprehensive learning on viral entry, replication, and transmission in vaccines and antiviral development.

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