Poxviruses Capture Host Genes by LINE-1 Retrotransposition

Overview

Journal Elife

Specialty Biology

Date 2022 Sep 7

PMID 36069526

Authors

Sarah M Fixsen

Kelsey R Cone

Stephen A Goldstein

Thomas A Sasani

Aaron R Quinlan

Stefan Rothenburg

Nels C Elde

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) provides a major source of genetic variation. Many viruses, including poxviruses, encode genes with crucial functions directly gained by gene transfer from hosts. The mechanism of transfer to poxvirus genomes is unknown. Using genome analysis and experimental screens of infected cells, we discovered a central role for Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 retrotransposition in HGT to virus genomes. The process recapitulates processed pseudogene generation, but with host messenger RNA directed into virus genomes. Intriguingly, hallmark features of retrotransposition appear to favor virus adaption through rapid duplication of captured host genes on arrival. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized conduit of genetic traffic with fundamental implications for the evolution of many virus classes and their hosts.

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