Synthesis and Evaluation of 3'- and 4'-substituted Cyclohexyl Noviomimetics That Modulate Mitochondrial Respiration
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KU-32 (2) and KU-596 (3), are first and second generation cytoprotective novologues that are derivatives of novobiocin (1), a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) C-terminal inhibitor. Although 2 and 3 improve mitochondrial bioenergetics and have demonstrated considerable cytoprotective activity, they contain a synthetically demanding noviose sugar. This issue was initially addressed by creating noviomimetics, such as KU-1202 (4), which replaced the noviose sugar with ether-linked cyclohexyl derivatives that retained some cytoprotective potential due to their ability to increase mitochondrial bioenergetics. Based on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of KU-1202 (4), the current study investigated 3'- and 4'-substituted cyclohexyl scaffolds as noviomimetics and determined their efficacy at increasing mitochondrial bioenergetic as a marker for cytoprotective potential.
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