Immunomodulation of Melanoma by Chemo-Thermo-Immunotherapy Using Conjugates of Melanogenesis Substrate NPrCAP and Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Review

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2022 Jun 24

PMID 35742905

Authors

Yasuaki Tamura

Akira Ito

Kazumasa Wakamatsu

Takafumi Kamiya

Toshihiko Torigoe

Hiroyuki Honda

Toshiharu Yamashita

Hisashi Uhara

Shosuke Ito

Kowichi Jimbow

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A major advance in drug discovery and targeted therapy directed at cancer cells may be achieved by the exploitation and immunomodulation of their unique biological properties. This review summarizes our efforts to develop novel chemo-thermo-immunotherapy (CTI therapy) by conjugating a melanogenesis substrate, -propionyl cysteaminylphenol (NPrCAP: amine analog of tyrosine), with magnetite nanoparticles (MNP). In our approach, NPrCAP provides a unique drug delivery system (DDS) because of its selective incorporation into melanoma cells. It also functions as a melanoma-targeted therapeutic drug because of its production of highly reactive free radicals (melanoma-targeted chemotherapy). Moreover, the utilization of MNP is a platform to develop thermo-immunotherapy because of heat shock protein (HSP) expression upon heat generation in MNP by exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This comprehensive review covers experimental in vivo and in vitro mouse melanoma models and preliminary clinical trials with a limited number of advanced melanoma patients. We also discuss the future directions of CTI therapy.

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