Recent Information on Vitamin D Deficiency in an Adult Korean Population Visiting Local Clinics and Hospitals

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2022 May 14

PMID 35565944

Authors

Rihwa Choi

Sung-Eun Cho

Sang Gon Lee

Eun Hee Lee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We retrospectively reviewed serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test results from an adult Korean population visiting local clinics and hospitals between July 2017 and December 2021 to gather recent information on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency status was investigated according to criteria offered by various clinical guidelines. During the study period, 180,289 subjects (29,658 men and 150,631 women) were tested for 25(OH)D. The overall prevalence rates of vitamin D deficiency status based on 25(OH)D level were as follows: 0.4% for <5 ng/mL, 12.5% for <10 ng/mL, 20.6% for <12 ng/mL, 49.4% for <20 ng/mL, and <75.3% for <30 ng/mL. Women tested their 25(OH)D level more frequently than men, and the overall prevalence of 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL was higher among women than men, while that of 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL was lower among women than men. Among age groups, the prevalence of 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL was higher in younger patients (20s−40s, 79.6−85.5%) than older ones (≥50 years, 62.6−69.2%). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased over time from 2018 to 2021. Future studies are needed to clarify the clinical impact of this change.

Citing Articles

Assessment of serum vitamin D levels in children aged 0-17 years old in a Chinese population: a comprehensive study.

Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ren Y, Zhang H, Qiu W, Wang H Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):12562.

PMID: 38821990 PMC: 11143243. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62305-7.

Vitamin D Status and Reference Intervals Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Early Adulthood to Geriatric Ages in a South Korean Population during 2017-2022.

Park J, Choi Y, Cho S, Park H, Kim S, Cho H Nutrients. 2024; 16(5).

PMID: 38474732 PMC: 10934696. DOI: 10.3390/nu16050604.

Vitamin D-The Iceberg in Endometriosis-Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ursache A, Lozneanu L, Bujor I, Mandici C, Boiculese L, Bausic A J Pers Med. 2024; 14(1).

PMID: 38276241 PMC: 10821152. DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010119.

The Utilization of Serum Folate and Homocysteine Tests and the Prevalence of Folate Deficiency in Reproductive-Age Korean Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Choi R, Park W, Chun G, Lee S, Lee E Nutrients. 2023; 15(14).

PMID: 37513654 PMC: 10384824. DOI: 10.3390/nu15143236.

Vitamin D status among residents of Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia, North China.

Hu J, Liang Y, Wen G, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhang H Saudi Med J. 2023; 44(4):413-420.

PMID: 37062548 PMC: 10153618. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.4.20220780.

References

Saggese G, Vierucci F, Prodam F, Cardinale F, Cetin I, Chiappini E . Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians. Ital J Pediatr. 2018; 44(1):51. PMC: 5941617. DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0488-7. View

Park S, Gong H, Kim K, Kim D, Kim H, Jeon C . Korean Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. J Bone Metab. 2018; 25(4):195-211. PMC: 6288607. DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.4.195. View

Lim Y, Park A, Kweon O, Choi J . Performance Evaluation and Measurement Uncertainty Determination of the New Version of the Abbott ARCHITECT 25-OH Vitamin D 5P02 Assay. Am J Clin Pathol. 2018; 151(2):209-216. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy131. View

Holick M, Binkley N, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Gordon C, Hanley D, Heaney R . Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(7):1911-30. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0385. View

Bouillon R . Comparative analysis of nutritional guidelines for vitamin D. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017; 13(8):466-479. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.31. View

Kim Y, Yoon J, Lee Y, Choi H, Yun J, Bae E . Unveiling Genetic Variants Underlying Vitamin D Deficiency in Multiple Korean Cohorts by a Genome-Wide Association Study. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021; 36(6):1189-1200. PMC: 8743587. DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2021.1241. View

Choi R, Kim S, Yoo H, Cho Y, Kim S, Chung J . High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant Korean women: the first trimester and the winter season as risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Nutrients. 2015; 7(5):3427-48. PMC: 4446760. DOI: 10.3390/nu7053427. View

Pang Y, Kim O, Choi J, Jung H, Kim J, Lee H . Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in south Korean childbearing women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2021; 20(1):218. PMC: 8559402. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00737-6. View

Chandran M, Mitchell P, Amphansap T, Bhadada S, Chadha M, Chan D . Development of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) Framework: clinical standards of care for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region. Osteoporos Int. 2021; 32(7):1249-1275. PMC: 8192320. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05742-0. View

10.

Kim Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho I, Kwon M, Wild S . Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and the risk of low muscle mass in young and middle-aged Korean adults. Eur J Endocrinol. 2022; 186(4):477-487. PMC: 8942330. DOI: 10.1530/EJE-21-1229. View

11.

Rosen C . Clinical practice. Vitamin D insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364(3):248-54. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1009570. View

12.

Bikle D, Christakos S . New aspects of vitamin D metabolism and action - addressing the skin as source and target. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020; 16(4):234-252. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0312-5. View

13.

Seong J, Park C, Gi M, Cha J, Moon A, Lee J . Gender difference in the relationship between anemia and vitamin D in Korean adults: the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2021; 69(3):299-304. PMC: 8611370. DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-26. View

14.

Manson J, Brannon P, Rosen C, Taylor C . Vitamin D Deficiency - Is There Really a Pandemic?. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(19):1817-1820. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1608005. View

15.

Paxton G, Teale G, Nowson C, Mason R, McGrath J, Thompson M . Vitamin D and health in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement. Med J Aust. 2013; 198(3):142-3. DOI: 10.5694/mja11.11592. View

16.

Park J, Hong I, Chung J, Choi H . Vitamin D status in South Korean population: Seven-year trend from the KNHANES. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97(26):e11032. PMC: 6242298. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011032. View

17.

Rosen C, Abrams S, Aloia J, Brannon P, Clinton S, Durazo-Arvizu R . IOM committee members respond to Endocrine Society vitamin D guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97(4):1146-52. PMC: 5393439. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2218. View