Apolipoprotein E, a Crucial Cellular Protein in the Lifecycle of Hepatitis Viruses

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2022 Apr 12

PMID 35409035

Authors

Yannick Treguier

Anne Bull-Maurer

Philippe Roingeard

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein expressed in several tissues, including those of the liver. This lipoprotein component is responsible for maintaining lipid content homeostasis at the plasma and tissue levels by transporting lipids between the liver and peripheral tissues. The ability of ApoE to interact with host-cell surface receptors and its involvement in several cellular pathways raised questions about the hijacking of ApoE by hepatotropic viruses. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was the first hepatitis virus reported to be dependent on ApoE for the completion of its lifecycle, with ApoE being part of the viral particle, mediating its entry into host cells and contributing to viral morphogenesis. Recent studies of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) lifecycle have revealed that this virus and its subviral envelope particles also incorporate ApoE. ApoE favors HBV entry and is crucial for the morphogenesis of infectious particles, through its interaction with HBV envelope glycoproteins. This review summarizes the data highlighting the crucial role of ApoE in the lifecycles of HBV and HCV and discusses its potential role in the lifecycle of other hepatotropic viruses.

Citing Articles

Apolipoprotein E and viral infection: Risks and Mechanisms.

Chen F, Ke Q, Wei W, Cui L, Wang Y Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2023; 33:529-542.

PMID: 37588688 PMC: 10425688. DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.031.

Label-free proteomics analysis on the envelope of budded viruses of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus harboring differential localized GP64.

Hao B, Li J, Sun C, Huang J Virus Genes. 2022; 59(2):260-275.

PMID: 36512182 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01961-1.

Hepatitis A Virus Infection and Molecular Research.

Kanda T, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Nakamoto S Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(13).

PMID: 35806219 PMC: 9266843. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137214.

References

Hirai-Yuki A, Hensley L, Whitmire J, Lemon S . Biliary Secretion of Quasi-Enveloped Human Hepatitis A Virus. mBio. 2016; 7(6). PMC: 5142623. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01998-16. View

Inoue J, Krueger E, Chen J, Cao H, Ninomiya M, McNiven M . HBV secretion is regulated through the activation of endocytic and autophagic compartments mediated by Rab7 stimulation. J Cell Sci. 2015; 128(9):1696-706. PMC: 4446738. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.158097. View

Getz G, Reardon C . Apoprotein E as a lipid transport and signaling protein in the blood, liver, and artery wall. J Lipid Res. 2008; 50 Suppl:S156-61. PMC: 2674757. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.R800058-JLR200. View

Meunier J, Russell R, Engle R, Faulk K, Purcell R, Emerson S . Apolipoprotein c1 association with hepatitis C virus. J Virol. 2008; 82(19):9647-56. PMC: 2546963. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00914-08. View

Pol S, Lagaye S . The remarkable history of the hepatitis C virus. Genes Immun. 2019; 20(5):436-446. DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0066-z. View

Gomez-Escobar E, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Visdeloup C, Ribeiro E Silva A, Coutant P, Roingeard P . Incorporation of apolipoprotein E into HBV-HCV subviral envelope particles to improve the hepatitis vaccine strategy. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1):21856. PMC: 8575973. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01428-7. View

Ahn S, Kim D, Kim S, Bae C, Cho H, Kim H . Association between apolipoprotein E genotype, chronic liver disease, and hepatitis B virus. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2012; 18(3):295-301. PMC: 3467433. DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2012.18.3.295. View

Butt A, Yan P, Simon T, Chung R, Abou-Samra A . Changes in circulating lipids level over time after acquiring HCV infection: results from ERCHIVES. BMC Infect Dis. 2015; 15:510. PMC: 4642733. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1268-2. View

McKnight K, Xie L, Gonzalez-Lopez O, Rivera-Serrano E, Chen X, Lemon S . Protein composition of the hepatitis A virus quasi-envelope. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017; 114(25):6587-6592. PMC: 5488923. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619519114. View

10.

Jiang J, Luo G . Apolipoprotein E but not B is required for the formation of infectious hepatitis C virus particles. J Virol. 2009; 83(24):12680-91. PMC: 2786834. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01476-09. View

11.

Taneja S, Ahmad I, Sen S, Kumar S, Arora R, Gupta V . Plasma peptidome profiling of acute hepatitis E patients by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Proteome Sci. 2011; 9:5. PMC: 3042370. DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-5. View

12.

Xia Y, Guo H . Hepatitis B virus cccDNA: Formation, regulation and therapeutic potential. Antiviral Res. 2020; 180:104824. PMC: 7387223. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104824. View

13.

Herker E, Harris C, Hernandez C, Carpentier A, Kaehlcke K, Rosenberg A . Efficient hepatitis C virus particle formation requires diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1. Nat Med. 2010; 16(11):1295-8. PMC: 3431199. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2238. View

14.

Roger S, Ducancelle A, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Gaudy C, Lunel F . HCV virology and diagnosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021; 45(3):101626. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101626. View

15.

Zhou Y, Magi R, Milani L, Lauschke V . Global genetic diversity of human apolipoproteins and effects on cardiovascular disease risk. J Lipid Res. 2018; 59(10):1987-2000. PMC: 6168301. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.P086710. View

16.

Shen G, Zhao Y, Chen M, Zhang F, Liu X, Wang Y . Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) promotes LDL and VLDL uptake through inducing VLDLR under hypoxia. Biochem J. 2011; 441(2):675-83. DOI: 10.1042/BJ20111377. View

17.

Alter H, Blumberg B . Further studies on a "new" human isoprecipitin system (Australia antigen). Blood. 1966; 27(3):297-309. View

18.

Mokaya J, McNaughton A, Bester P, Goedhals D, Barnes E, Marsden B . Hepatitis B virus resistance to tenofovir: fact or fiction? A systematic literature review and structural analysis of drug resistance mechanisms. Wellcome Open Res. 2021; 5:151. PMC: 8033640. DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15992.1. View

19.

Feng Z, Hirai-Yuki A, McKnight K, Lemon S . Naked Viruses That Aren't Always Naked: Quasi-Enveloped Agents of Acute Hepatitis. Annu Rev Virol. 2016; 1(1):539-60. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085359. View

20.

Gu M, Qiu J, Guo D, Xu Y, Liu X, Shen C . Evaluation of candidate genes associated with hepatitis A and E virus infection in Chinese Han population. Virol J. 2018; 15(1):47. PMC: 5859746. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0962-2. View