Biliary Secretion of Quasi-Enveloped Human Hepatitis A Virus

Overview

Journal mBio

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2016 Dec 8

PMID 27923925

Citations 53

Authors

Asuka Hirai-Yuki

Lucinda Hensley

Jason K Whitmire

Stanley M Lemon

Affiliations

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Abstract

Importance: HAV is a hepatotropic, fecally/orally transmitted picornavirus that can cause severe hepatitis in humans. Recent work reveals that it has an unusual life cycle. Virus is found in cell culture supernatant fluids in two mature, infectious forms: one wrapped in membranes (quasi-enveloped) and another that is nonenveloped. Membrane-wrapped virions circulate in blood during acute infection and are resistant to neutralizing antibodies, likely facilitating HAV dissemination within the liver. On the other hand, virus shed in feces is nonenveloped and highly stable, facilitating epidemic spread and transmission to naive hosts. Factors controlling the biogenesis of these two distinct forms of the virus in infected humans are not understood. Here we characterize vectorial release of quasi-enveloped virions from polarized epithelial cell cultures and provide evidence that bile acids strip membranes from eHAV following its secretion into the biliary tract. These results enhance our understanding of the life cycle of this unusual picornavirus.

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