Mechanisms of T6 Fermentation Against Through Inhibiting Its Growth and Reproduction, Pathogenicity and Gene Expression

Overview

Journal J Fungi (Basel)

Date 2022 Feb 25

PMID 35205867

Authors

Na Zhu

Jing-Jiang Zhou

Shu-Wu Zhang

Bing-Liang Xu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Apple Valsa canker is one of the most serious diseases, having caused significant apple yield and economic loss in China. However, there is still no effective biological methods for controlling this disease. Our present study focused on the inhibitory activity and mechanisms of (T6) fermentation on that causes apple Valsa canker (AVC). Our results showed that the T6 fermentation exhibited effective antifungal activity on the mycelial growth and conidia germination of , causing mycelium malformation and the hyphal disintegrating in comparison to the control. The activity of pathogenically related enzymes that are secreted from and the expression level of gene of were significantly inhibited and downregulated by treatment with T6 fermentation. In addition, the lesion area and number of pycnidia of formed on the branches were significantly reduced after treatment with the T6 fermentation through the pathogenicity test on the detached branches. Our results indicate that the possible mechanism of T6 fermentation against occurs through inhibiting its growth and reproduction, the pathogenic enzyme activity, and its related gene expression.

Citing Articles

Characterization of the Serine Protease TlSP1 from T6 and Its Function in the Control of in Wheat.

Wang X, Zhang S, Xu B J Fungi (Basel). 2024; 10(8).

PMID: 39194895 PMC: 11355596. DOI: 10.3390/jof10080569.

Antifungal mechanism of cell-free supernatant produced by and its efficacy for the control of pear Valsa canker.

Zhang Y, Lu Y, Jin Z, Li B, Wu L, He Y Front Microbiol. 2024; 15:1377683.

PMID: 38694806 PMC: 11061385. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1377683.

and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease.

Yao X, Guo H, Zhang K, Zhao M, Ruan J, Chen J Front Microbiol. 2023; 14:1160551.

PMID: 37206337 PMC: 10189891. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160551.

References

Ghasemi S, Safaie N, Shahbazi S, Shams-Bakhsh M, Askari H . The Role of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Antagonistic Traits of Against . Iran J Biotechnol. 2021; 18(4):e2333. PMC: 8148636. DOI: 10.30498/IJB.2020.2333. View

Yin Z, Liu H, Li Z, Ke X, Dou D, Gao X . Genome sequence of Valsa canker pathogens uncovers a potential adaptation of colonization of woody bark. New Phytol. 2015; 208(4):1202-16. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13544. View

Xu M, Guo Y, Tian R, Gao C, Guo F, Voegele R . Adaptive regulation of virulence genes by microRNA-like RNAs in Valsa mali. New Phytol. 2020; 227(3):899-913. DOI: 10.1111/nph.16561. View

Lei P, Xu Y, Du J, Yang X, Yuan H, Xu G . Design, synthesis and fungicidal activity of N-substituted benzoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl-1-carboxamide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2016; 26(10):2544-2546. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.085. View

Wei Y, Peng W, Wang D, Hao S, Li W, Ding F . Design, synthesis, antifungal activity, and 3D-QSAR of coumarin derivatives. J Pestic Sci. 2018; 43(2):88-95. PMC: 6140650. DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D17-075. View

Wang X, Wei J, Huang L, Kang Z . Re-evaluation of pathogens causing Valsa canker on apple in China. Mycologia. 2011; 103(2):317-24. DOI: 10.3852/09-165. View

Ke X, Yin Z, Song N, Dai Q, Voegele R, Liu Y . Transcriptome profiling to identify genes involved in pathogenicity of Valsa mali on apple tree. Fungal Genet Biol. 2014; 68:31-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.04.004. View

Prabhakaran N, Prameeladevi T, Sathiyabama M, Kamil D . Screening of different Trichoderma species against agriculturally important foliar plant pathogens. J Environ Biol. 2015; 36(1):191-8. View

Halifu S, Deng X, Song X, Song R, Liang X . Inhibitory Mechanism of ZT05 on . Plants (Basel). 2020; 9(7). PMC: 7412022. DOI: 10.3390/plants9070912. View

10.

Feng Y, Yin Z, Wu Y, Xu L, Du H, Wang N . LaeA Controls Virulence and Secondary Metabolism in Apple Canker Pathogen . Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:581203. PMC: 7674932. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581203. View

11.

Zhang X, Harvey P, Stummer B, Warren R, Zhang G, Guo K . Antibiosis functions during interactions of Trichoderma afroharzianum and Trichoderma gamsii with plant pathogenic Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Funct Integr Genomics. 2015; 15(5):599-610. DOI: 10.1007/s10142-015-0456-x. View

12.

Wang Y, Sun Y, Han L, Zhang X, Feng J . Potential use of cuminic acid as a botanical fungicide against Valsa mali. Microb Pathog. 2017; 106:9-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.006. View

13.

Song N, Dai Q, Zhu B, Wu Y, Xu M, Voegele R . Gα proteins Gvm2 and Gvm3 regulate vegetative growth, asexual development, and pathogenicityon apple in Valsa mali. PLoS One. 2017; 12(3):e0173141. PMC: 5340391. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173141. View

14.

Pakora G, Mpika J, Kone D, Ducamp M, Kebe I, Nay B . Inhibition of Phytophthora species, agents of cocoa black pod disease, by secondary metabolites of Trichoderma species. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017; 25(30):29901-29909. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0283-9. View

15.

Atanasova L, Le Crom S, Gruber S, Coulpier F, Seidl-Seiboth V, Kubicek C . Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichoderma mycoparasitism. BMC Genomics. 2013; 14:121. PMC: 3599271. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-121. View

16.

Ahluwalia V, Kumar J, Rana V, Sati O, Walia S . Comparative evaluation of two Trichoderma harzianum strains for major secondary metabolite production and antifungal activity. Nat Prod Res. 2014; 29(10):914-20. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.958739. View

17.

Li Z, Gao X, Huang L, Fan D, Yan X, Kang Z . Saccharothrix yanglingensis Strain Hhs.015 Is a Promising Biocontrol Agent on Apple Valsa Canker. Plant Dis. 2019; 100(2):510-514. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-15-0190-RE. View

18.

Yin Z, Ke X, Huang D, Gao X, Voegele R, Kang Z . Validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis in Valsa mali var. mali using real-time quantitative PCR. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013; 29(9):1563-71. DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1320-6. View

19.

Liu C, Fan D, Li Y, Chen Y, Huang L, Yan X . Transcriptome analysis of Valsa mali reveals its response mechanism to the biocontrol actinomycete Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015. BMC Microbiol. 2018; 18(1):90. PMC: 6106759. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1225-5. View

20.

Etebarian H, Sholberg P, Eastwell K, Sayler R . Biological control of apple blue mold with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Can J Microbiol. 2005; 51(7):591-8. DOI: 10.1139/w05-039. View