Heterochiasmy and the Establishment of Gsdf As a Novel Sex Determining Gene in Atlantic Halibut

Overview

Journal PLoS Genet

Specialty Genetics

Date 2022 Feb 8

PMID 35134055

Authors

Rolf Brudvik Edvardsen

Ola Wallerman

Tomasz Furmanek

Lene Kleppe

Patric Jern

Andreas Wallberg

Erik Kjaerner-Semb

Stig Maehle

Sara Karolina Olausson

Elisabeth Sundstrom

Torstein Harboe

Ragnfrid Mangor-Jensen

Margareth Mogster

Prescilla Perrichon

Birgitta Norberg

Carl-Johan Rubin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) has a X/Y genetic sex determination system, but the sex determining factor is not known. We produced a high-quality genome assembly from a male and identified parts of chromosome 13 as the Y chromosome due to sequence divergence between sexes and segregation of sex genotypes in pedigrees. Linkage analysis revealed that all chromosomes exhibit heterochiasmy, i.e. male-only and female-only meiotic recombination regions (MRR/FRR). We show that FRR/MRR intervals differ in nucleotide diversity and repeat class content and that this is true also for other Pleuronectidae species. We further show that remnants of a Gypsy-like transposable element insertion on chr13 promotes early male specific expression of gonadal somatic cell derived factor (gsdf). Less than 4.5 MYA, this male-determining element evolved on an autosomal FRR segment featuring pre-existing male meiotic recombination barriers, thereby creating a Y chromosome. Our findings indicate that heterochiasmy may facilitate the evolution of genetic sex determination systems relying on linkage of sexually antagonistic loci to a sex-determining factor.

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