Postprandial Fatty Acid Profile, but Not Cardiometabolic Risk Markers, Is Modulated by Dairy Fat Manipulation in Adults with Moderate Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Randomized Controlled REplacement of SaturatEd Fat in Dairy on Total Cholesterol...

Overview

Journal J Nutr

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2021 Mar 24

PMID 33758921

Citations 5

Authors

Oonagh Markey

Dafni Vasilopoulou

Kirsty E Kliem

Colette C Fagan

Alistair S Grandison

Rachel Sutton

David J Humphries

Susan Todd

Kim G Jackson

David I Givens

Julie A Lovegrove

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Chronic consumption of dairy products with an SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched content was shown to impact favorably on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). However, their acute effect on postprandial cardiometabolic risk biomarkers requires investigation.

Objective: The effects of sequential high-fat mixed meals rich in fatty acid (FA)-modified or conventional (control) dairy products on postprandial FMD (primary outcome) and systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with moderate cardiovascular risk (≥50% above the population mean) were compared.

Methods: In a randomized crossover trial, 52 participants [mean ± SEM age: 53 ± 2 y; BMI (kg/m2) 25.9 ± 0.5] consumed a high-dairy-fat breakfast (0 min; ∼50 g total fat: modified: 25 g SFAs, 20 g MUFAs; control: 32 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs) and lunch (330 min; ∼30 g total fat; modified: 15 g SFAs, 12 g MUFAs; control: 19 g SFAs, 7 g MUFAs). Blood samples were obtained before and until 480 min after breakfast, with FMD assessed at 0, 180, 300, and 420 min. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models.

Results: Postprandial changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers were comparable between the different dairy meals, with the exception of a tendency for a 4% higher AUC for the %FMD response following the modified-dairy-fat meals (P = 0.075). Plasma total lipid FA analysis revealed that incremental AUC responses were 53% lower for total SFAs, 214% and 258% higher for total cis-MUFAs (predominantly cis-9 18:1), and trans-18:1, respectively, following the modified relative to the control dairy meals (all P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: In adults at moderate cardiovascular risk, acute consumption of sequential high-fat meals containing FA-modified dairy products had little impact on postprandial endothelial function or systemic cardiometabolic biomarkers, but a differential effect on the plasma total lipid FA profile, relative to conventional dairy fat meals.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02089035.

Citing Articles

Bovine dairy products and flow mediated dilation (FMD): a systematic review of the published evidence.

Rooney M, Lambe J, OConnor A, Dunne S, Mills A, Feeney E Eur J Nutr. 2025; 64(2):66.

PMID: 39853454 PMC: 11761514. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03574-w.

Impact of dairy fat manipulation on endothelial function and lipid regulation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to human plasma samples: an in vitro investigation from the RESET study.

Markey O, Garcimartin A, Vasilopoulou D, Kliem K, Fagan C, Humphries D Eur J Nutr. 2023; 63(2):539-548.

PMID: 38093120 PMC: 10899290. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03284-9.

A Systematic Review of the Impact of Fat Quantity and Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Vascular Function in Healthy Adults and Patients at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

Kienes H, Egert S Curr Dev Nutr. 2023; 7(12):102025.

PMID: 38076399 PMC: 10709180. DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102025.

Effect of Isoenergetic Substitution of Cheese with Other Dairy Products on Blood Lipid Markers in the Fasted and Postprandial State: An Updated and Extended Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults.

Pradeilles R, Norris T, Sellem L, Markey O Adv Nutr. 2023; 14(6):1579-1595.

PMID: 37717700 PMC: 10721513. DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.003.

A single, high-fat meal adversely affects postprandial endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fewkes J, Kellow N, Cowan S, Williamson G, Dordevic A Am J Clin Nutr. 2022; 116(3):699-729.

PMID: 35665799 PMC: 9437993. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac153.

References

Krauss R, Kris-Etherton P . Public health guidelines should recommend reducing saturated fat consumption as much as possible: Debate Consensus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020; 112(1):25-26. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa134. View

Manning P, Sutherland W, McGrath M, de Jong S, Walker R, Williams M . Postprandial cytokine concentrations and meal composition in obese and lean women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009; 16(9):2046-52. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.334. View

Kliem K, Shingfield K, Livingstone K, Givens D . Seasonal variation in the fatty acid composition of milk available at retail in the United Kingdom and implications for dietary intake. Food Chem. 2013; 141(1):274-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.116. View

Markey O, Vasilopoulou D, Kliem K, Koulman A, Fagan C, Summerhill K . Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile confirms compliance to a novel saturated fat-reduced, monounsaturated fat-enriched dairy product intervention in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J. 2017; 16(1):33. PMC: 5442645. DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0249-2. View

Oteng A, Kersten S . Mechanisms of Action of trans Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr. 2019; 11(3):697-708. PMC: 7231579. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz125. View

van Oostrom A, Sijmonsma T, Verseyden C, Jansen E, de Koning E, Rabelink T . Postprandial recruitment of neutrophils may contribute to endothelial dysfunction. J Lipid Res. 2003; 44(3):576-83. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M200419-JLR200. View

Lopez-Miranda J, Williams C, Lairon D . Dietary, physiological, genetic and pathological influences on postprandial lipid metabolism. Br J Nutr. 2007; 98(3):458-73. DOI: 10.1017/S000711450774268X. View

Drouin-Chartier J, Cote J, Labonte M, Brassard D, Tessier-Grenier M, Desroches S . Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Dairy Foods and Dairy Fat on Cardiometabolic Risk. Adv Nutr. 2017; 7(6):1041-1051. PMC: 5105034. DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011619. View

Vafeiadou K, Weech M, Sharma V, Yaqoob P, Todd S, Williams C . A review of the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat, saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function, endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles. Br J Nutr. 2011; 107(3):303-24. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511004764. View

10.

Emerson S, Kurti S, Harms C, Haub M, Melgarejo T, Logan C . Magnitude and Timing of the Postprandial Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr. 2017; 8(2):213-225. PMC: 5347112. DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014431. View

11.

Carstensen M, Thomsen C, Hermansen K . Incremental area under response curve more accurately describes the triglyceride response to an oral fat load in both healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism. 2003; 52(8):1034-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00155-0. View

12.

Roche H, Zampelas A, Jackson K, Williams C, Gibney M . The effect of test meal monounsaturated fatty acid: saturated fatty acid ratio on postprandial lipid metabolism. Br J Nutr. 1998; 79(5):419-24. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19980071. View

13.

de Souza R, Mente A, Maroleanu A, Cozma A, Ha V, Kishibe T . Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ. 2015; 351:h3978. PMC: 4532752. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h3978. View

14.

Norata G, Grigore L, Raselli S, Redaelli L, Hamsten A, Maggi F . Post-prandial endothelial dysfunction in hypertriglyceridemic subjects: molecular mechanisms and gene expression studies. Atherosclerosis. 2006; 193(2):321-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.09.015. View

15.

Jackson K, Clarke D, Murray P, Lovegrove J, OMalley B, Minihane A . Introduction to the DISRUPT postprandial database: subjects, studies and methodologies. Genes Nutr. 2009; 5(1):39-48. PMC: 2820198. DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0149-y. View

16.

Astrup A, Magkos F, Bier D, Brenna J, de Oliveira Otto M, Hill J . Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 76(7):844-857. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.077. View

17.

Bersch-Ferreira A, Sampaio G, Gehringer M, da Silva Torres E, Ross-Fernandes M, Silva J . Association between plasma fatty acids and inflammatory markers in patients with and without insulin resistance and in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2018; 17(1):26. PMC: 5822607. DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0342-1. View

18.

Nordestgaard B, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A . Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women. JAMA. 2007; 298(3):299-308. DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.3.299. View

19.

Hansson P, Holven K, Oyri L, Brekke H, Biong A, Gjevestad G . Meals with Similar Fat Content from Different Dairy Products Induce Different Postprandial Triglyceride Responses in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial. J Nutr. 2019; 149(3):422-431. PMC: 6398384. DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy291. View

20.

Rathnayake K, Weech M, Jackson K, Lovegrove J . Meal Fatty Acids Have Differential Effects on Postprandial Blood Pressure and Biomarkers of Endothelial Function but Not Vascular Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women in the Randomized Controlled Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS)-2.... J Nutr. 2018; 148(3):348-357. DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx042. View