Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile Confirms Compliance to a Novel Saturated Fat-reduced, Monounsaturated Fat-enriched Dairy Product Intervention in Adults at Moderate Cardiovascular Risk: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Overview

Journal Nutr J

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Nutritional Sciences

Date 2017 May 25

PMID 28535777

Citations 12

Authors

Oonagh Markey

Dafni Vasilopoulou

Kirsty E Kliem

Albert Koulman

Colette C Fagan

Keith Summerhill

Laura Y Wang

Alistair S Grandison

David J Humphries

Susan Todd

Kim G Jackson

David I Givens

Julie A Lovegrove

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Dairy products are a major contributor to dietary SFA. Partial replacement of milk SFA with unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) is possible through oleic-acid rich supplementation of the dairy cow diet. To assess adherence to the intervention of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy product consumption in the RESET (REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol) study using 4-d weighed dietary records, in addition to plasma phospholipid FA (PL-FA) status.

Methods: In a randomised, controlled, crossover design, free-living UK participants identified as moderate risk for CVD (n = 54) were required to replace habitually consumed dairy foods (milk, cheese and butter), with study products with a FA profile typical of retail products (control) or SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched profile (modified), for two 12-week periods, separated by an 8-week washout period. A flexible food-exchange model was used to implement each isoenergetic high-fat, high-dairy diet (38% of total energy intake (%TE) total fat): control (dietary target: 19%TE SFA; 11%TE MUFA) and modified (16%TE SFA; 14%TE MUFA).

Results: Following the modified diet, there was a smaller increase in SFA (17.2%TE vs. 19.1%TE; p < 0.001) and greater increase in MUFA intake (15.4%TE vs. 11.8%TE; p < 0.0001) when compared with the control. PL-FA analysis revealed lower total SFAs (p = 0.006), higher total cis-MUFAs and trans-MUFAs (both p < 0.0001) following the modified diet.

Conclusion: The food-exchange model was successfully used to achieve RESET dietary targets by partial replacement of SFAs with MUFAs in dairy products, a finding reflected in the PL-FA profile and indicative of objective dietary compliance.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02089035 , date 05-01-2014.

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