Distortion-free, High-isotropic-resolution Diffusion MRI with GSlider BUDA-EPI and Multicoil Dynamic B Shimming

Purpose: We combine SNR-efficient acquisition and model-based reconstruction strategies with newly available hardware instrumentation to achieve distortion-free in vivo diffusion MRI of the brain at submillimeter-isotropic resolution with high fidelity and sensitivity on a clinical 3T scanner.

Methods: We propose blip-up/down acquisition (BUDA) for multishot EPI using interleaved blip-up/blip-down phase encoding and incorporate B forward-modeling into structured low-rank reconstruction to enable distortion-free and navigator-free diffusion MRI. We further combine BUDA-EPI with an SNR-efficient simultaneous multislab acquisition (generalized slice-dithered enhanced resolution ["gSlider"]), to achieve high-isotropic-resolution diffusion MRI. To validate gSlider BUDA-EPI, whole-brain diffusion data at 860-μm and 780-μm data sets were acquired. Finally, to improve the conditioning and minimize noise penalty in BUDA reconstruction at very high resolutions where B inhomogeneity can have a detrimental effect, the level of B inhomogeneity was reduced by incorporating slab-by-slab dynamic shimming with a 32-channel AC/DC coil into the acquisition. Whole-brain 600-μm diffusion data were then acquired with this combined approach of gSlider BUDA-EPI with dynamic shimming.

Results: The results of 860-μm and 780-μm datasets show high geometry fidelity with gSlider BUDA-EPI. With dynamic shimming, the BUDA reconstruction's noise penalty was further alleviated. This enables whole-brain 600-μm isotropic resolution diffusion imaging with high image quality.

Conclusions: The gSlider BUDA-EPI method enables high-quality, distortion-free diffusion imaging across the whole brain at submillimeter resolution, where the use of multicoil dynamic B shimming further improves reconstruction performance, which can be particularly useful at very high resolutions.