New Therapeutic Approaches and Biomarkers for Increased Healthspan

Overview

Journal Adv Exp Med Biol

Specialties Biology
General Medicine

Date 2021 Mar 16

PMID 33725342

Authors

Paul C Guest

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Healthcare costs have increased in developing countries over the last few decades, mostly due to the escalation in average life expectancy and the concomitant increase in age-related disorders. To address this issue, widespread research is now being undertaken across the globe with the aim of finding a way of increasing healthy aging. A number of potential interventions have already shown promise, including lifestyle changes and the use of natural products or pharmaceuticals that may delay the onset of diseases associated with the aging process. In parallel, a number of potential biomarkers have already been identified that can be used for assessing risk of developing age-associated disorders and for monitoring response to therapeutic interventions. This review describes the most recent advances towards the goal of achieving healthier aging with fewer disabilities that may lead to enhanced quality of life and reduced healthcare costs around the world.

References

Schork N, Raghavachari N . Report: NIA workshop on translating genetic variants associated with longevity into drug targets. Geroscience. 2018; 40(5-6):523-538. PMC: 6294726. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0046-7. View

Guest P . Metabolic Biomarkers in Aging and Anti-Aging Research. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019; 1178:247-264. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_13. View

Guest P . Of Mice, Whales, Jellyfish and Men: In Pursuit of Increased Longevity. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019; 1178:1-24. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_1. View

Hazzard W . Why do women live longer than men? Biologic differences that influence longevity. Postgrad Med. 1989; 85(5):271-8, 281-3. DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1989.11700672. View

Austad S, Bartke A . Sex Differences in Longevity and in Responses to Anti-Aging Interventions: A Mini-Review. Gerontology. 2015; 62(1):40-6. DOI: 10.1159/000381472. View

Sampathkumar N, Bravo J, Chen Y, Danthi P, Donahue E, Lai R . Widespread sex dimorphism in aging and age-related diseases. Hum Genet. 2019; 139(3):333-356. PMC: 7031050. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02082-w. View

Oreopoulos A, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Sharma A, Fonarow G . The obesity paradox in the elderly: potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009; 25(4):643-59, viii. DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2009.07.005. View

Bales C, Buhr G . Body mass trajectory, energy balance, and weight loss as determinants of health and mortality in older adults. Obes Facts. 2010; 2(3):171-8. PMC: 6516201. DOI: 10.1159/000221008. View

Sharma A, Vallakati A, Einstein A, Lavie C, Arbab-Zadeh A, Lopez-Jimenez F . Relationship of body mass index with total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction after coronary revascularization: evidence from a meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014; 89(8):1080-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.04.020. View

10.

Rankinen T, Kim S, Perusse L, Despres J, Bouchard C . The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999; 23(8):801-9. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800929. View

11.

Romero-Corral A, Somers V, Sierra-Johnson J, Jensen M, Thomas R, Squires R . Diagnostic performance of body mass index to detect obesity in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28(17):2087-93. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm243. View

12.

Lemieux S, Prudhomme D, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Despres J . A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal-weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996; 64(5):685-93. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/64.5.685. View

13.

Goodpaster B, Krishnaswami S, Resnick H, Kelley D, Haggerty C, Harris T . Association between regional adipose tissue distribution and both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly men and women. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26(2):372-9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.2.372. View

14.

Goodpaster B, Krishnaswami S, Harris T, Katsiaras A, Kritchevsky S, Simonsick E . Obesity, regional body fat distribution, and the metabolic syndrome in older men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165(7):777-83. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.165.7.777. View

15.

Tchernof A, Despres J . Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev. 2013; 93(1):359-404. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2011. View

16.

Beavers K, Beavers D, Houston D, Harris T, Hue T, Koster A . Associations between body composition and gait-speed decline: results from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 97(3):552-60. PMC: 3578402. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.047860. View

17.

de Hollander E, Bemelmans W, Boshuizen H, Friedrich N, Wallaschofski H, Guallar-Castillon P . The association between waist circumference and risk of mortality considering body mass index in 65- to 74-year-olds: a meta-analysis of 29 cohorts involving more than 58 000 elderly persons. Int J Epidemiol. 2012; 41(3):805-17. PMC: 4492417. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys008. View

18.

Nowson C, OConnell S . Protein Requirements and Recommendations for Older People: A Review. Nutrients. 2015; 7(8):6874-99. PMC: 4555150. DOI: 10.3390/nu7085311. View

19.

Mitchell W, Williams J, Atherton P, Larvin M, Lund J, Narici M . Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Front Physiol. 2012; 3:260. PMC: 3429036. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00260. View

20.

Kortebein P, Ferrando A, Lombeida J, Wolfe R, Evans W . Effect of 10 days of bed rest on skeletal muscle in healthy older adults. JAMA. 2007; 297(16):1772-4. DOI: 10.1001/jama.297.16.1772-b. View