Tea Polyphenols Regulate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Induced by Antibiotic in Mice

Tea polyphenols (TPs) are now widely used in foods for various biological activities. However, they are rarely used in foods to regulate gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by antibiotics. We assessed the regulation of TPs on gut microbiota with an antibiotic-induced intestinal flora disorder mouse model. The mice were orally administered with cefixime for 8 days, then received TPs for 28 days. We found that the antibiotic had a profound impact on the gut microbiota. Compared with the normal group, significant decreases in the species richness and diversity and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were still observed 28 days after the antibiotic treatment, although there was no significant difference in the colonic mucosa. TPs significantly alleviated the decrease of the richness and diversity of gut microbiota caused by the antibiotic treatment, and significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbes such as Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Blautia, Roseburia, and Eubacterium. The function prediction showed that TPs significantly decreased the relative abundance of genes related to human diseases, yet significantly increased the relative abundance of genes related to cell growth and death, cell motility, and energy metabolism. These showed that TPs could regulate the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by antibiotics, thus decreasing the risk of diseases such as obesity, cancer, and diabetes. These suggest that TPs have a great potential to be used as a functional food ingredient to prevent or reduce adverse effects of antibiotics.