Intracellular Sources of ROS/HO in Health and Neurodegeneration: Spotlight on Endoplasmic Reticulum

Overview

Journal Cells

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Biophysics
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Date 2021 Jan 28

PMID 33504070

Citations 40

Authors

Tasuku Konno

Eduardo Pinho Melo

Joseph E Chambers

Edward Avezov

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced continuously throughout the cell as products of various redox reactions. Yet these products function as important signal messengers, acting through oxidation of specific target factors. Whilst excess ROS production has the potential to induce oxidative stress, physiological roles of ROS are supported by a spatiotemporal equilibrium between ROS producers and scavengers such as antioxidative enzymes. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hydrogen peroxide (HO), a non-radical ROS, is produced through the process of oxidative folding. Utilisation and dysregulation of HO in particular that generated in the ER, affects not only cellular homeostasis but also the longevity of organisms. ROS dysregulation has been implicated in various pathologies including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases, sanctioning a field of research that strives to better understand cell-intrinsic ROS production. Here we review the organelle-specific ROS-generating and consuming pathways, providing evidence that the ER is a major contributing source of potentially pathologic ROS.

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