Performance on Sit-to-stand Tests in Relation to Measures of Functional Fitness and Sarcopenia Diagnosis in Community-dwelling Older Adults

Overview

Journal Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

Publisher Springer

Specialty Geriatrics

Date 2021 Jan 9

PMID 33419399

Citations 61

Authors

Xianyang Sherman Yee

Yee Sien Ng

John Carson Allen

Aisyah Latib

Ee Ling Tay

Huda Mukhlis Abu Bakar

Chien Yee Jolene Ho

Wan Cheen Charissa Koh

Hwee Heem Theresa Kwek

Laura Tay

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The sit-to-stand (STS) test has been deployed as surrogate measures of strength or physical performance in sarcopenia diagnosis. This study examines the relationship of two common STS variants - Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSTS) and 30 s Chair Stand Test (30CST) - with grip strength, muscle mass and functional measures, and their impact on sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 887 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. Participants completed a battery of physical fitness tests - 5TSTS, 30CST, grip strength, gait speed, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) for dynamic balance and six-minute walk test (6MWT) for cardiorespiratory endurance. Muscle mass was measured using multi-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We performed correlation analysis between STS performance and other fitness measures and muscle mass, followed by multiple linear regression for the independent determinants of STS performance.

Results: Mean participant age was 67.3±7 years, with female predominance (72.9%). STS tests exhibited weak correlations with grip strength (30CST, r = 0.290; 5TSTS, r = - 0.242; both p< 0.01), and stronger correlations with gait speed (30CST, r = 0.517; 5TSTS, r = - 0.533; both p< 0.01), endurance (30CST, r = 0.558; 5TSTS, r = - 0.531; both p < 0.01) and dynamic balance (30CST, r = - 0.501; 5TSTS, r = 0.646; both p< 0.01). Muscle mass correlated with grip strength but not STS. In multiple regression analysis, all fitness measures were independently associated with 30CST performance. Performance in both STS tests remained independent of muscle mass. There was no significant difference in prevalence of possible sarcopenia diagnosis using grip strength or STS (30CST, 25.0%; 5TSTS, 22.1%; grip strength, 22.3%; p = 0.276). When both measures are used, prevalence is significantly higher (42.0%; p = 0.276). Prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia with inclusion of muscle mass was significantly lower using STS compared with grip strength (30CST, 4.6%; 5TSTS, 4.1% vs. grip strength, 7.1%; p< 0.05).

Conclusion: In the sarcopenia construct, STS tests better represents muscle physical performance rather than muscle strength. Different subsets of population with possible sarcopenia are identified depending on the test used. The lack of association of STS performance with muscle mass results in a lower prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia compared with grip strength, but may better reflect changes in muscle quality.

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