Optogenetic Techniques for Manipulating and Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling

Overview

Journal Methods Mol Biol

Specialty Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Jul 12

PMID 32651908

Citations 6

Authors

Nohely Abreu

Joshua Levitz

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest class of membrane receptors in the mammalian genome with nearly 800 human genes encoding for unique subtypes. Accordingly, GPCR signaling is implicated in nearly all physiological processes. However, GPCRs have been difficult to study due in part to the complexity of their function which can lead to a plethora of converging or diverging downstream effects over different time and length scales. Classic techniques such as pharmacological control, genetic knockout and biochemical assays often lack the precision required to probe the functions of specific GPCR subtypes. Here we describe the rapidly growing set of optogenetic tools, ranging from methods for optical control of the receptor itself to optical sensing and manipulation of downstream effectors. These tools permit the quantitative measurements of GPCRs and their downstream signaling with high specificity and spatiotemporal precision.

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