Wearable Devices for Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Overview

Journal J Am Coll Cardiol

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2020 Apr 4

PMID 32241375

Citations 104

Authors

Furrukh Sana

Eric M Isselbacher

Jagmeet P Singh

E Kevin Heist

Bhupesh Pathik

Antonis A Armoundas

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Ambulatory monitoring devices are enabling a new paradigm of health care by collecting and analyzing long-term data for reliable diagnostics. These devices are becoming increasingly popular for continuous monitoring of cardiac diseases. Recent advancements have enabled solutions that are both affordable and reliable, allowing monitoring of vulnerable populations from the comfort of their homes. They provide early detection of important physiological events, leading to timely alerts for seeking medical attention. In this review, the authors aim to summarize the recent developments in the area of ambulatory and remote monitoring solutions for cardiac diagnostics. The authors cover solutions based on wearable devices, smartphones, and other ambulatory sensors. The authors also present an overview of the limitations of current technologies, their effectiveness, and their adoption in the general population, and discuss some of the recently proposed methods to overcome these challenges. Lastly, we discuss the possibilities opened by this new paradigm, for the future of health care and personalized medicine.

Citing Articles

Atrial fibrillation burden in clinical practice, research, and technology development: a clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke and the European Heart Rhythm Association.

Doehner W, Boriani G, Potpara T, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Passman R, Sposato L Europace. 2025; 27(3).

PMID: 40073206 PMC: 11901050. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaf019.

From Conventional Detection to Point-of-care Tests (POCT) Method for Pediatric Respiratory Infections Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.

Azizian R, Mamishi S, Jafari E, Mohammadi M, Heidari Tajabadi F, Pourakbari B Arch Iran Med. 2025; 28(2):112-123.

PMID: 40062500 PMC: 11892094. DOI: 10.34172/aim.33505.

Digital Health Technologies in Pediatric Infectious Disease and the Perspective of Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Review.

Saji A, Komel A, Khan M, Niraula S, Naeem B, Ahsan A Health Sci Rep. 2025; 8(3):e70514.

PMID: 40041773 PMC: 11872690. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70514.

Artificial intelligence enabled mobile health technologies in arrhythmias-an opinion article on recent findings.

Banerjee A Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025; 12:1548554.

PMID: 40027513 PMC: 11868161. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1548554.

Significance of serum lncRNA XIST in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its progression to pulmonary heart disease.

Huang X, Liang J, Li Y, Wei M, Liu Q, Jiang Y BMC Pulm Med. 2024; 24(1):546.

PMID: 39482714 PMC: 11526528. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03354-6.

References

Bergmann J, Chandaria V, McGregor A . Wearable and implantable sensors: the patient's perspective. Sensors (Basel). 2013; 12(12):16695-709. PMC: 3571806. DOI: 10.3390/s121216695. View

Kekade S, Hseieh C, Islam M, Atique S, Khalfan A, Li Y . The usefulness and actual use of wearable devices among the elderly population. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2017; 153:137-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.10.008. View

Yoon S, Sim J, Cho Y . A Flexible and Wearable Human Stress Monitoring Patch. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:23468. PMC: 4804278. DOI: 10.1038/srep23468. View

Vegesna A, Tran M, Angelaccio M, Arcona S . Remote Patient Monitoring via Non-Invasive Digital Technologies: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health. 2016; 23(1):3-17. PMC: 5240011. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0051. View

Pan T, Xu Y . Mobile medicine: can emerging mobile technologies enable patient-oriented medicine?. Ann Biomed Eng. 2014; 42(11):2203-4. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1138-x. View

Engel J, Mehta V, Fogoros R, Chavan A . Study of arrhythmia prevalence in NUVANT Mobile Cardiac Telemetry system patients. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2013; 2012:2440-3. DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346457. View

Lau J, Lowres N, Neubeck L, Brieger D, Sy R, Galloway C . iPhone ECG application for community screening to detect silent atrial fibrillation: a novel technology to prevent stroke. Int J Cardiol. 2013; 165(1):193-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.220. View

Narasimha D, Hanna N, Beck H, Chaskes M, Glover R, Gatewood R . Validation of a smartphone-based event recorder for arrhythmia detection. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2018; 41(5):487-494. DOI: 10.1111/pace.13317. View

Satija U, Ramkumar B, Manikandan M . A Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Electrocardiogram Signal Quality Assessment. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2018; 11:36-52. DOI: 10.1109/RBME.2018.2810957. View

10.

Patel S, Park H, Bonato P, Chan L, Rodgers M . A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2012; 9:21. PMC: 3354997. DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-9-21. View

11.

Hu Y, Kim E, Cao G, Liu S, Xu Y . Physiological acoustic sensing based on accelerometers: a survey for mobile healthcare. Ann Biomed Eng. 2014; 42(11):2264-77. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1111-8. View

12.

Tomlinson S, Behrmann S, Cranford J, Louie M, Hashikawa A . Accuracy of Smartphone-Based Pulse Oximetry Compared with Hospital-Grade Pulse Oximetry in Healthy Children. Telemed J E Health. 2017; 24(7):527-535. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2017.0166. View

13.

Kiranyaz S, Ince T, Gabbouj M . Personalized Monitoring and Advance Warning System for Cardiac Arrhythmias. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):9270. PMC: 5571226. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09544-z. View

14.

Carpenter A, Frontera A . Smart-watches: a potential challenger to the implantable loop recorder?. Europace. 2016; 18(6):791-3. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv427. View

15.

Weeks D, Sprint G, Stilwill V, Meisen-Vehrs A, Cook D . Implementing Wearable Sensors for Continuous Assessment of Daytime Heart Rate Response in Inpatient Rehabilitation. Telemed J E Health. 2018; . PMC: 6299796. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2017.0306. View

16.

Piwek L, Ellis D, Andrews S, Joinson A . The Rise of Consumer Health Wearables: Promises and Barriers. PLoS Med. 2016; 13(2):e1001953. PMC: 4737495. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001953. View

17.

Wallen M, Gomersall S, Keating S, Wisloff U, Coombes J . Accuracy of Heart Rate Watches: Implications for Weight Management. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0154420. PMC: 4883747. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154420. View

18.

Schreiber D, Sattar A, Drigalla D, Higgins S . Ambulatory cardiac monitoring for discharged emergency department patients with possible cardiac arrhythmias. West J Emerg Med. 2014; 15(2):194-8. PMC: 3966438. DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2013.11.18973. View

19.

Olhede S, Wolfe P . The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018; 376(2128). PMC: 6107538. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0364. View

20.

Altini M, Casale P, Penders J, Velde G, Plasqui G, Amft O . Cardiorespiratory fitness estimation using wearable sensors: Laboratory and free-living analysis of context-specific submaximal heart rates. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2016; 120(9):1082-96. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00519.2015. View