Pattern Recognition Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models

Overview

Journal Front Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2019 Nov 30

PMID 31781124

Citations 12

Authors

M Elizabeth Deerhake

Debolina D Biswas

William E Barclay

Mari L Shinohara

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) coordinate the innate immune response and have a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating evidence has identified both pathogenic and protective functions of PRR signaling in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Additionally, evidence for PRR signaling in non-immune cells and PRR responses to host-derived endogenous ligands has also revealed new pathways controlling the development of CNS autoimmunity. Many PRRs remain uncharacterized in MS and EAE, and understanding the distinct triggers and functions of PRR signaling in CNS autoimmunity requires further investigation. In this brief review, we discuss the diverse pathogenic and protective functions of PRRs in MS and EAE, and highlight major avenues for future research.

Citing Articles

Microglial Mayhem NLRP3 Inflammasome's Role in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology.

Fan H, Fu Q, Du G, Qin L, Shi X, Wang D CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024; 30(12):e70135.

PMID: 39690733 PMC: 11652677. DOI: 10.1111/cns.70135.

Brain alarm by self-extracellular nucleic acids: from neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration.

Kunze R, Fischer S, Marti H, Preissner K J Biomed Sci. 2023; 30(1):64.

PMID: 37550658 PMC: 10405513. DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00954-y.

Mechanisms of Demyelination and Remyelination Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis.

Zhao X, Jacob C Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(7).

PMID: 37047344 PMC: 10093908. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076373.

New Insights into Risk Genes and Their Candidates in Multiple Sclerosis.

Shirai R, Yamauchi J Neurol Int. 2023; 15(1):24-39.

PMID: 36648967 PMC: 9844300. DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010003.

RNA polymerase III and antiviral innate immune response.

Jarrous N, Rouvinski A Transcription. 2021; 12(1):1-11.

PMID: 33622180 PMC: 8172158. DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2021.1890915.

References

Khan N, Kuo A, Brockman D, Cooper M, Smith M . Pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential target for multiple sclerosis induced central neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology. 2017; 26(1):77-86. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0401-9. View

Inoue M, Chen P, Siecinski S, Li Q, Liu C, Steinman L . An interferon-β-resistant and NLRP3 inflammasome-independent subtype of EAE with neuronal damage. Nat Neurosci. 2016; 19(12):1599-1609. PMC: 5482232. DOI: 10.1038/nn.4421. View

Shaw P, Lukens J, Burns S, Chi H, McGargill M, Kanneganti T . Cutting edge: critical role for PYCARD/ASC in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 2010; 184(9):4610-4. PMC: 3001131. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000217. View

Lukens J, Gurung P, Shaw P, Barr M, Zaki M, Brown S . The NLRP12 Sensor Negatively Regulates Autoinflammatory Disease by Modulating Interleukin-4 Production in T Cells. Immunity. 2015; 42(4):654-64. PMC: 4412374. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.006. View

Soares J, Oliveira E, Pontillo A . Variants in NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome associate with susceptibility and severity of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019; 29:26-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.023. View

Bsibsi M, Ravid R, Gveric D, van Noort J . Broad expression of Toll-like receptors in the human central nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2002; 61(11):1013-21. DOI: 10.1093/jnen/61.11.1013. View

Marta M, Andersson A, Isaksson M, Kampe O, Lobell A . Unexpected regulatory roles of TLR4 and TLR9 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Immunol. 2008; 38(2):565-75. DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737187. View

Lee E, Brown B, Vance E, Snow P, Silver P, Heinrichs D . Mincle Activation and the Syk/Card9 Signaling Axis Are Central to the Development of Autoimmune Disease of the Eye. J Immunol. 2016; 196(7):3148-58. PMC: 4799727. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502355. View

Ferreira T, Hygino J, Wing A, Kasahara T, Sacramento P, Camargo S . Different interleukin-17-secreting Toll-like receptor T-cell subsets are associated with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Immunology. 2017; 154(2):239-252. PMC: 6381308. DOI: 10.1111/imm.12872. View

10.

Herrmann I, Kellert M, Schmidt H, Mildner A, Hanisch U, Bruck W . Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via Toll-like receptor 2. Infect Immun. 2006; 74(8):4841-8. PMC: 1539614. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00026-06. View

11.

Moore C, Bergstralh D, Duncan J, Lei Y, Morrison T, Zimmermann A . NLRX1 is a regulator of mitochondrial antiviral immunity. Nature. 2008; 451(7178):573-7. DOI: 10.1038/nature06501. View

12.

Stoppelkamp S, Reid D, Yeoh J, Taylor J, McKenzie E, Brown G . Murine pattern recognition receptor dectin-1 is essential in the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Mol Immunol. 2015; 67(2 Pt B):398-406. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.002. View

13.

Gharagozloo M, Mahmoud S, Simard C, Mahvelati T, Amrani A, Gris D . The Dual Immunoregulatory function of in T Cell-Mediated Immune Response: Lessons from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cells. 2018; 7(9). PMC: 6162721. DOI: 10.3390/cells7090119. View

14.

Tan M, Tan L, Jiang T, Zhu X, Wang H, Jia C . Amyloid-β induces NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis in models of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis. 2014; 5:e1382. PMC: 4454321. DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.348. View

15.

Dendrou C, Fugger L, Friese M . Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015; 15(9):545-58. DOI: 10.1038/nri3871. View

16.

Zhang Y, Han J, Wu M, Xu L, Wang Y, Yuan W . Toll-Like Receptor 4 Promotes Th17 Lymphocyte Infiltration Via CCL25/CCR9 in Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2019; 14(3):493-502. DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09854-1. View

17.

Conti B, Davis B, Zhang J, OConnor Jr W, Williams K, Ting J . CATERPILLER 16.2 (CLR16.2), a novel NBD/LRR family member that negatively regulates T cell function. J Biol Chem. 2005; 280(18):18375-85. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M413169200. View

18.

Gharagozloo M, Mahvelati T, Imbeault E, Gris P, Zerif E, Bobbala D . The nod-like receptor, Nlrp12, plays an anti-inflammatory role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation. 2015; 12:198. PMC: 4628289. DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0414-5. View

19.

Lich J, Williams K, Moore C, Arthur J, Davis B, Taxman D . Monarch-1 suppresses non-canonical NF-kappaB activation and p52-dependent chemokine expression in monocytes. J Immunol. 2007; 178(3):1256-60. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1256. View

20.

Imani D, Azimi A, Salehi Z, Rezaei N, Emamnejad R, Sadr M . Association of nod-like receptor protein-3 single nucleotide gene polymorphisms and expression with the susceptibility to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Int J Immunogenet. 2018; 45(6):329-336. DOI: 10.1111/iji.12401. View