The Interferon Stimulated Gene 20 Protein (ISG20) is an Innate Defense Antiviral Factor That Discriminates Self Versus Non-self Translation

Overview

Journal PLoS Pathog

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2019 Oct 11

PMID 31600344

Citations 36

Authors

Nannan Wu

Xuan-Nhi Nguyen

Li Wang

Romain Appourchaux

Chengfei Zhang

Baptiste Panthu

Henri Gruffat

Chloe Journo

Sandrine Alais

Juliang Qin

Na Zhang

Kevin Tartour

Frederic Catez

Renaud Mahieux

Theophile Ohlmann

Mingyao Liu

Bing Du

Andrea Cimarelli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

ISG20 is a broad spectrum antiviral protein thought to directly degrade viral RNA. However, this mechanism of inhibition remains controversial. Using the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) as a model RNA virus, we show here that ISG20 interferes with viral replication by decreasing protein synthesis in the absence of RNA degradation. Importantly, we demonstrate that ISG20 exerts a translational control over a large panel of non-self RNA substrates including those originating from transfected DNA, while sparing endogenous transcripts. This activity correlates with the protein's ability to localize in cytoplasmic processing bodies. Finally, these functions are conserved in the ISG20 murine ortholog, whose genetic ablation results in mice with increased susceptibility to viral infection. Overall, our results posit ISG20 as an important defense factor able to discriminate the self/non-self origins of the RNA through translation modulation.

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