Disulfonimides Versus Phosphoric Acids in Brønsted Acid Catalysis: The Effect of Weak Hydrogen Bonds and Multiple Acceptors on Complex Structures and Reactivity

Overview

Journal J Org Chem

Publisher American Chemical Society

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2019 Sep 25

PMID 31550152

Citations 5

Authors

Kerstin Rothermel

Matej Zabka

Johnny Hioe

Ruth M Gschwind

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In Brønsted acid catalysis, hydrogen bonds play a crucial role for reactivity and selectivity. However, the contribution of weak hydrogen bonds or multiple acceptors has been unclear so far since it is extremely difficult to collect experimental evidence for weak hydrogen bonds. Here, our hydrogen bond and structural access to Brønsted acid/imine complexes was used to analyze BINOL-derived chiral disulfonimide (DSI)/imine complexes. H and N chemical shifts as well as coupling constants revealed for DSI/imine complexes ion pairs with very weak hydrogen bonds. The high acidity of the DSIs leads to a significant weakening of the hydrogen bond as structural anchor. In addition, the five hydrogen bond acceptors of DSI allow an enormous mobility of the imine in the binary DSI complexes. Theoretical calculations predict the hydrogen bonds to oxygen to be energetically less favored; however, their considerable population is corroborated experimentally by NOE and exchange data. Furthermore, an -alkylimine, which shows excellent reactivity and selectivity in reactions with DSI, reveals an enlarged structural space in complexes with the chiral phosphoric acid TRIP as potential explanation of its reduced reactivity and selectivity. Thus, considering factors such as flexibility and possible hydrogen bond sites is essential for catalyst development in Brønsted acid catalysis.

Citing Articles

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Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Versatile Tools for Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenations.

Palvolgyi A, Scharinger F, Schnurch M, Bica-Schroder K European J Org Chem. 2021; 2021(38):5367-5381.

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