A Novel Mechanism Driving Poor-Prognosis Prostate Cancer: Overexpression of the DNA Repair Gene, Ribonucleotide Reductase Small Subunit M2 (RRM2)

Overview

Journal Clin Cancer Res

Specialty Oncology

Date 2019 Apr 19

PMID 30996073

Citations 79

Authors

Ying Z Mazzu

Joshua Armenia

Goutam Chakraborty

Yuki Yoshikawa

SiAna A Coggins

Subhiksha Nandakumar

Travis A Gerke

Mark M Pomerantz

Xintao Qiu

Huiyong Zhao

Mohammad Atiq

Nabeela Khan

Kazumasa Komura

Gwo-Shu Mary Lee

Samson W Fine

Connor Bell

Edward OConnor

Henry W Long

Matthew L Freedman

Baek Kim

Philip W Kantoff

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: Defects in genes in the DNA repair pathways significantly contribute to prostate cancer progression. We hypothesize that overexpression of DNA repair genes may also drive poorer outcomes in prostate cancer. The ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) is essential for DNA synthesis and DNA repair by producing dNTPs. It is frequently overexpressed in cancers, but very little is known about its function in prostate cancer.

Experimental Design: The oncogenic activity of RRM2 in prostate cancer cells was assessed by inhibiting or overexpressing RRM2. The molecular mechanisms of RRM2 function were determined. The clinical significance of RRM2 overexpression was evaluated in 11 prostate cancer clinical cohorts. The efficacy of an RRM2 inhibitor (COH29) was assessed and . Finally, the mechanism underlying the transcriptional activation of RRM2 in prostate cancer tissue and cells was determined.

Results: Knockdown of RRM2 inhibited its oncogenic function, whereas overexpression of RRM2 promoted epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. The prognostic value of RRM2 RNA levels in prostate cancer was confirmed in 11 clinical cohorts. Integrating the transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic changes induced by RRM2 unraveled multiple oncogenic pathways downstream of RRM2. Targeting RRM2 with COH29 showed excellent efficacy. Thirteen putative RRM2-targeting transcription factors were bioinformatically identified, and FOXM1 was validated to transcriptionally activate RRM2 in prostate cancer.

Conclusions: We propose that increased expression of RRM2 is a mechanism driving poor patient outcomes in prostate cancer and that its inhibition may be of significant therapeutic value.

Citing Articles

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Regorafenib promotes antitumor progression in melanoma by reducing RRM2.

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