Reconstitution of the Gut Microbiota of Antibiotic-treated Patients by Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transplant

Overview

Journal Sci Transl Med

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2018 Sep 28

PMID 30257956

Citations 177

Authors

Ying Taur

Katharine Coyte

Jonas Schluter

Elizabeth Robilotti

Cesar Figueroa

Mergim Gjonbalaj

Eric R Littmann

Lilan Ling

Liza Miller

Yangtsho Gyaltshen

Emily Fontana

Sejal Morjaria

Boglarka Gyurkocza

Miguel-Angel Perales

Hugo Castro-Malaspina

Roni Tamari

Doris Ponce

Guenther Koehne

Juliet Barker

Ann Jakubowski

Esperanza Papadopoulos

Parastoo Dahi

Craig Sauter

Brian Shaffer

James W Young

Jonathan Peled

Richard C Meagher

Robert R Jenq

Marcel R M van den Brink

Sergio A Giralt

Eric G Pamer

Joao B Xavier

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Antibiotic treatment can deplete the commensal bacteria of a patient's gut microbiota and, paradoxically, increase their risk of subsequent infections. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), antibiotic administration is essential for optimal clinical outcomes but significantly disrupts intestinal microbiota diversity, leading to loss of many beneficial microbes. Although gut microbiota diversity loss during allo-HSCT is associated with increased mortality, approaches to reestablish depleted commensal bacteria have yet to be developed. We have initiated a randomized, controlled clinical trial of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (auto-FMT) versus no intervention and have analyzed the intestinal microbiota profiles of 25 allo-HSCT patients (14 who received auto-FMT treatment and 11 control patients who did not). Changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition revealed that the auto-FMT intervention boosted microbial diversity and reestablished the intestinal microbiota composition that the patient had before antibiotic treatment and allo-HSCT. These results demonstrate the potential for fecal sample banking and posttreatment remediation of a patient's gut microbiota after microbiota-depleting antibiotic treatment during allo-HSCT.

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