Adaptation and Probiotic Potential of Lactobacilli, Isolated from the Oral Cavity and Intestines of Healthy People

The present study shows that, from 300 Lactobacillus strains isolated from the oral cavity and large intestine of 600 healthy people, only 9 had high antagonistic activity against pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. All antagonistic strains of lactobacilli have been identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and assigned to four species: Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei. In addition, these lactobacilli appeared to be nonpathogenic and had some probiotic potential: the strains produced lactic acid and bacteriocins, showed high sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics, and were capable of forming biofilms in vitro. With the help of PCR and specific primers, the presence of genes for prebacteriocins in L. plantarum (plnEF, plnJ, plnN) and L. rhamnosus (LGG_02380 and LGG_02400) has been revealed. It was found that intestinal strains of lactobacilli were resistant to hydrochloric acid and bile. Lactobacilli isolated from the oral cavity were characterized by a high degree of adhesion, whereas intestinal strains were characterized by average adhesion. Both types of lactobacilli had medium to high rates of auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity and could coaggregate with pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, the ability of the lactobacilli strains to produce gasotransmitters, CH, CO, CH, CO, and NH, has been revealed.