Comparison of Two Sources of Iodine Delivery on Breast Milk Iodine and Maternal and Infant Urinary Iodine Concentrations in Southern Ethiopia: A Randomized Trial

Overview

Journal Food Sci Nutr

Specialty Biotechnology

Date 2017 Jul 28

PMID 28748081

Citations 8

Authors

Tafere Gebreegziabher

Barbara J Stoecker

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation could expose the infant to severe iodine deficiency disorders. A randomized supplementation trial among rural lactating women was conducted in Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia, to compare the methods of iodine delivery on breast milk iodine, and on maternal and infant urinary iodine concentrations. Women were randomly assigned either to receive 225 μg iodine as potassium iodide capsule daily for 6 months or 450 g of appropriately iodized salt (30-40 μg I as KIO/g of salt) weekly for household consumption for 6 months. Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) and maternal and infant urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were measured at baseline and at 6 months. The women did not differ in BMIC and UIC, and infants did not differ in UIC in a time by treatment interaction. Median (IQR, interquartile range, IQR) BMIC at baseline was 154 [43, 252] μg/L and at 6 months was 105 [36, 198] μg/L, maternal UIC at baseline was 107 [71, 161] μg/L and at 6 months was 130 [80, 208] μg/L; infant UIC at baseline was 218 [108, 356] μg/L and at 6 months was 222 [117, 369] μg/L. Significant correlations among the three variables were obtained in both groups at both times. We conclude that for lactating women an adequate amount of appropriately iodized salt (30-40 μg I/g) had similar effects as a daily supplement of 225 μg I on BMIC and on maternal and infant UIC.

Citing Articles

Breast Milk Iodine Concentration (BMIC) as a Biomarker of Iodine Status in Lactating Women and Children <2 Years of Age: A Systematic Review.

Liu S, Sharp A, Villanueva E, Ma Z Nutrients. 2022; 14(9).

PMID: 35565659 PMC: 9104537. DOI: 10.3390/nu14091691.

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants.

Andersson M, Braegger C Endocr Rev. 2022; 43(3):469-506.

PMID: 35552681 PMC: 9113141. DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab029.

Ingestion of supplements and fortified food with iodine on the breast milk iodine concentration in deficiency areas: a systematic review.

Machamba A, Priore S, de Souza Macedo M, Franceschini S Afr Health Sci. 2022; 21(3):1346-1354.

PMID: 35222600 PMC: 8843278. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i3.46.

Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Lockyer F, McCann S, Moore S Nutrients. 2021; 13(11).

PMID: 34836103 PMC: 8624933. DOI: 10.3390/nu13113848.

Does maternal iodine supplementation during the lactation have a positive impact on neurodevelopment of children? Three-year follow up of a randomized controlled trial.

Nazeri P, Tahmasebinejad Z, Pearce E, Zarezadeh Z, Tajeddini T, Mirmiran P Eur J Nutr. 2021; 60(7):4083-4091.

PMID: 33974129 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02574-4.

References

Halpern J, Boyages S, Maberly G, Collins J, Eastman C, Morris J . The neurology of endemic cretinism. A study of two endemias. Brain. 1991; 114 ( Pt 2):825-41. DOI: 10.1093/brain/114.2.825. View

Mulrine H, Skeaff S, Ferguson E, Gray A, Valeix P . Breast-milk iodine concentration declines over the first 6 mo postpartum in iodine-deficient women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 92(4):849-56. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29630. View

Ersino G, Tadele H, Bogale A, Abuye C, Stoecker B . Clinical assessment of goiter and low urinary iodine concentration depict presence of severe iodine deficiency in pregnant Ethiopian women: a cross-sectional study in rural Sidama, southern Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2013; 51(2):133-41. View

Leung A, Braverman L, He X, Heeren T, Pearce E . Breastmilk iodine concentrations following acute dietary iodine intake. Thyroid. 2012; 22(11):1176-80. PMC: 3487113. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0294. View

Bouhouch R, Bouhouch S, Cherkaoui M, Aboussad A, Stinca S, Haldimann M . Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014; 2(3):197-209. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70155-4. View

Tazebay U, Wapnir I, Levy O, Dohan O, Zuckier L, Zhao Q . The mammary gland iodide transporter is expressed during lactation and in breast cancer. Nat Med. 2000; 6(8):871-8. DOI: 10.1038/78630. View

Dorea J . Iodine nutrition and breast feeding. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2003; 16(4):207-20. DOI: 10.1016/S0946-672X(02)80047-5. View

Spitzweg C, Joba W, Eisenmenger W, Heufelder A . Analysis of human sodium iodide symporter gene expression in extrathyroidal tissues and cloning of its complementary deoxyribonucleic acids from salivary gland, mammary gland, and gastric mucosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998; 83(5):1746-51. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.5.4839. View

Untoro J, Mangasaryan N, de Benoist B, Darnton-Hill I . Reaching optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant and lactating women and young children: programmatic recommendations. Public Health Nutr. 2008; 10(12A):1527-9. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980007705360. View

10.

Andersson M, de Benoist B, Delange F, Zupan J . Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation. Public Health Nutr. 2008; 10(12A):1606-11. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007361004. View

11.

Pharoah P, Buttfield I, Hetzel B . Neurological damage to the fetus resulting from severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy. Lancet. 1971; 1(7694):308-10. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91040-3. View

12.

Caldwell K, Maxwell C, Makhmudov A, Pino S, Braverman L, Jones R . Use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure urinary iodine in NHANES 2000: comparison with previous method. Clin Chem. 2003; 49(6 Pt 1):1019-21. DOI: 10.1373/49.6.1019. View

13.

Andersen S, Moller M, Laurberg P . Iodine concentrations in milk and in urine during breastfeeding are differently affected by maternal fluid intake. Thyroid. 2013; 24(4):764-72. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0541. View

14.

Rhee S, Braverman L, Pino S, He X, Pearce E . High iodine content of Korean seaweed soup: a health risk for lactating women and their infants?. Thyroid. 2011; 21(8):927-8. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0084. View

15.

Zimmermann M . Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev. 2009; 30(4):376-408. DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0011. View

16.

Azizi F, Smyth P . Breastfeeding and maternal and infant iodine nutrition. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009; 70(5):803-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03442.x. View

17.

Bogale A, Abebe Y, Stoecker B, Abuye C, Ketema K, Hambidge K . Iodine status and cognitive function of women and their five year-old children in rural Sidama, southern Ethiopia. East Afr J Public Health. 2010; 6(3):296-9. View

18.

Zimmermann M . The impact of iodised salt or iodine supplements on iodine status during pregnancy, lactation and infancy. Public Health Nutr. 2008; 10(12A):1584-95. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007360965. View

19.

Delange F . Iodine requirements during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period and indicators of optimal iodine nutrition. Public Health Nutr. 2008; 10(12A):1571-80. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007360941. View

20.

Cherinet A, Kelbessa U . Determinants of iodine deficiency in school children in different regions of Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. 2003; 77(3):133-7. DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v77i3.46608. View