Evaluation of Mirasol Pathogen Reduction System by Artificially Contaminating Platelet Concentrates with Staphylococcus Epidermidis: A Pilot Study from India

Overview

Journal Asian J Transfus Sci

Specialty Hematology

Date 2016 Sep 9

PMID 27605849

Citations 2

Authors

Kabita Chatterjee

Shamsuz Zaman

Rahul Chaurasia

Surinder Singh

Shawn D Keil

Shalini Tewari

Akanksha Bisht

Nitin Agarwal

Diptiranjan Rout

Subhash Chand

Kallol Saha

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background And Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Mirasol pathogen reduction system for platelets aimed at preventing bacterial regrowth by spiking buffy coat pooled platelets (BCPP) with clinically relevant load of Staphylococous epidermidis.

Materials And Methods: BCPP units were prepared using Teruflex BP-kit with Imugard III-S-PL (Terumo BCT, Tokyo, Japan). Two BCPP units were pooled, of which 40 ml of negative control (NC) was removed. The remaining volume of the platelet unit was inoculated with clinically relevant load of bacteria (total of 30 CFU of S. epidermidis in 1 ml); following this the platelet unit was split into two parts. One part served as positive control (PC) and the other part was subjected to pathogen reduction technique (Mirasol PRT, CaridianBCT Biotechnologies, Lakewood, CO, USA). Bacterial detection was performed using BacT/ALERT system, controls after day 1 and day 7 following inoculation of bacteria and on day 7 for Mirasol-treated unit.

Results: Of the 32 treatment cycles, 28 were valid and 4 were invalid. No regrowth was observed in 96.4% (27 of 28) after treatment with Mirasol pathogen reduction system. Of four invalid tests, on two instances the NC showed growth, whereas in other 2 no regrowth was detected in 7(th) day PC. Bacterial screening of PCs by BacT/ALERT after 24 h of incubation was 28.6%, whereas the effectiveness increased to 100% when incubated for 7 days.

Conclusions: Mirasol system was effective in inactivating S. epidermidis when it was deliberately inoculated into BCPP at clinically relevant concentrations. Such systems may significantly improve blood safety by inactivating traditional and emerging transfusion-transmitted pathogens.

Citing Articles

Mirasol pathogen reduction technology treatment of human whole blood does not induce acute lung injury in mice.

Mallavia B, Kwaan N, Marschner S, Yonemura S, Looney M PLoS One. 2017; 12(6):e0178725.

PMID: 28570672 PMC: 5453573. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178725.

Towards pathogen inactivation of red blood cells and whole blood targeting viral DNA/RNA: design, technologies, and future prospects for developing countries.

Drew V, Barro L, Seghatchian J, Burnouf T Blood Transfus. 2017; 15(6):512-521.

PMID: 28488960 PMC: 5649960. DOI: 10.2450/2017.0344-16.

References

Hundhausen T, Muller T . False-positive alarms for bacterial screening of platelet concentrates with BacT/ALERT new-generation plastic bottles: a multicenter pilot study. Transfusion. 2005; 45(8):1267-74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00194.x. View

Brecher M, Hay S . Bacterial contamination of blood components. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18(1):195-204. PMC: 544173. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.18.1.195-204.2005. View

Puckett A . Bacterial contamination of blood for transfusion: a study of the growth characteristics of four implicated organisms. Med Lab Sci. 1986; 43(3):252-7. View

Kuehnert M, Roth V, Haley N, Gregory K, Elder K, Schreiber G . Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection in the United States, 1998 through 2000. Transfusion. 2002; 41(12):1493-9. DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121493.x. View

Hardwick C, Herivel T, Hernandez S, Ruane P, Goodrich R . Separation, identification and quantification of riboflavin and its photoproducts in blood products using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: a method to support pathogen reduction technology. Photochem Photobiol. 2004; 80(3):609-15. DOI: 10.1562/2004-04-14-TSN-139. View

Larsen C, Ezligini F, Hermansen N, Kjeldsen-Kragh J . Six years' experience of using the BacT/ALERT system to screen all platelet concentrates, and additional testing of outdated platelet concentrates to estimate the frequency of false-negative results. Vox Sang. 2005; 88(2):93-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00596.x. View

Buchholz D, YOUNG V, Friedman N, REILLY J, MARDINEY Jr M . Detection and quantitation of bacteria in platelet products stored at ambient temperature. Transfusion. 1973; 13(5):268-75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.1973.tb05488.x. View

Wagner S, Friedman L, Dodd R . Transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1994; 7(3):290-302. PMC: 358326. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.7.3.290. View

Ribault S, Harper K, Grave L, Lafontaine C, Nannini P, Raimondo A . Rapid screening method for detection of bacteria in platelet concentrates. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(5):1903-8. PMC: 404662. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1903-1908.2004. View

10.

Anderson K, Lew M, Gorgone B, Martel J, Leamy C, Sullivan B . Transfusion-related sepsis after prolonged platelet storage. Am J Med. 1986; 81(3):405-11. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90290-1. View

11.

Walther-Wenke G, Wirsing von Konig C, Daubener W, Heiden M, Hoch J, Hornei B . Monitoring bacterial contamination of blood components in Germany: effect of contamination reduction measures. Vox Sang. 2010; 100(4):359-66. DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01432.x. View

12.

Jocic M, Trkuljic M, Jovicic D, Borovcanin N, Todorovic M, Balint B . Mirasol PRT system inactivation efficacy evaluated in platelet concentrates by bacteria-contamination model. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2012; 68(12):1041-6. View

13.

Goodrich R, Gilmour D, Hovenga N, Keil S . A laboratory comparison of pathogen reduction technology treatment and culture of platelet products for addressing bacterial contamination concerns. Transfusion. 2009; 49(6):1205-16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02126.x. View

14.

Ness P, Braine H, King K, Barrasso C, Kickler T, Fuller A . Single-donor platelets reduce the risk of septic platelet transfusion reactions. Transfusion. 2001; 41(7):857-61. DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41070857.x. View

15.

Dodd R . Bacterial contamination and transfusion safety: experience in the United States. Transfus Clin Biol. 2003; 10(1):6-9. DOI: 10.1016/s1246-7820(02)00277-x. View

16.

Funk M, Lohmann A, Guenay S, Henseler O, Heiden M, Hanschmann K . Transfusion-Transmitted Bacterial Infections - Haemovigilance Data of German Blood Establishments (1997-2010). Transfus Med Hemother. 2011; 38(4):266-271. PMC: 3190224. DOI: 10.1159/000330372. View

17.

Blajchman M . Incidence and significance of the bacterial contamination of blood components. Dev Biol (Basel). 2002; 108:59-67. View

18.

Pearce S, Rowe G, Field S . Screening of platelets for bacterial contamination at the Welsh Blood Service. Transfus Med. 2010; 21(1):25-32. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2010.01037.x. View

19.

Ruane P, Edrich R, Gampp D, Keil S, Leonard R, Goodrich R . Photochemical inactivation of selected viruses and bacteria in platelet concentrates using riboflavin and light. Transfusion. 2004; 44(6):877-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03355.x. View

20.

Dumont L, Kleinman S, Murphy J, Lippincott R, Schuyler R, Houghton J . Screening of single-donor apheresis platelets for bacterial contamination: the PASSPORT study results. Transfusion. 2009; 50(3):589-99. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02460.x. View