Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Elevated Glomerular ATP/AMP in Diabetes/obesity and Identifies Sphingomyelin As a Possible Mediator

Overview

Journal EBioMedicine

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2016 Jun 21

PMID 27322466

Citations 63

Authors

Satoshi Miyamoto

Cheng-Chih Hsu

Gregory Hamm

Manjula Darshi

Maggie Diamond-Stanic

Anne-Emilie Decleves

Larkin Slater

Subramaniam Pennathur

Jonathan Stauber

Pieter C Dorrestein

Kumar Sharma

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is suppressed in diabetes and may be due to a high ATP/AMP ratio, however the quantitation of nucleotides in vivo has been extremely difficult. Via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to localize renal nucleotides we found that the diabetic kidney had a significant increase in glomerular ATP/AMP ratio. Untargeted MALDI-MSI analysis revealed that a specific sphingomyelin species (SM(d18:1/16:0)) accumulated in the glomeruli of diabetic and high-fat diet-fed mice compared with wild-type controls. In vitro studies in mesangial cells revealed that exogenous addition of SM(d18:1/16:0) significantly elevated ATP via increased glucose consumption and lactate production with a consequent reduction of AMPK and PGC1α. Furthermore, inhibition of sphingomyelin synthases reversed these effects. Our findings suggest that AMPK is reduced in the diabetic kidney due to an increase in the ATP/AMP ratio and that SM(d18:1/16:0) could be responsible for the enhanced ATP production via activation of the glycolytic pathway.

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