Surgical Treatment of Gallbladder Carcinoma: a Critical Review

Overview

Journal Updates Surg

Specialty General Surgery

Date 2015 Nov 14

PMID 26563387

Citations 20

Authors

Farzad Kakaei

Samad Beheshtirouy

Seyed Mohammadreza Nejatollahi

Sina Zarrintan

Mohammad Reza Mafi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Gallbladder carcinoma is a relatively uncommon cancer of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Medical literature is full of nihilistic reports about the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma, especially due to its resistance to current radiotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic treatment modalities and difficult surgical approach for complete resection of these tumors. Herein, we review current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this rare GI cancer.

Citing Articles

Hepatobiliary organoid research: the progress and applications.

Zou R, Dai Y, Liu F, Yang S, Hu H, Li F Front Pharmacol. 2025; 16:1473863.

PMID: 40008122 PMC: 11850396. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1473863.

Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer.

Liao M, Yao D, Wu L, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang J Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024; 14(3):953-1008.

PMID: 38487001 PMC: 10935242. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.003.

Circulating Tumor Cells are an Independent Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma.

Yan C, Xiao Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Lin Y, Cai W Ann Surg Oncol. 2023; 30(13):7966-7975.

PMID: 37635189 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14231-7.

Genetic characteristics and clinical-specific survival prediction in elderly patients with gallbladder cancer: a genetic and population-based study.

Zhou H, Chen J, Jin H, Liu K Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023; 14:1159235.

PMID: 37152947 PMC: 10160488. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159235.

Development and validation of a nomogram prediction model based on albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio for predicting the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

Fan Z, Liu B, Shang P Pathol Oncol Res. 2023; 28:1610818.

PMID: 36685104 PMC: 9845243. DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610818.

References

Eil R, Hansen P, Cassera M, Orloff S, Sheppard B, Diggs B . Bile duct involvement portends poor prognosis in resected gallbladder carcinoma. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2013; 6(4):101-5. PMC: 3782874. View

Kresl J, Schild S, Henning G, Gunderson L, Donohue J, Pitot H . Adjuvant external beam radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy in the management of gallbladder carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002; 52(1):167-75. DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01764-3. View

Gupta P, Agarwal A, Gupta V, Singh P, Pantola C, Amit S . Expression and clinicopathological significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors in gallbladder cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2012; 5(2):41-7. PMC: 3369597. View

Maker A, Butte J, Oxenberg J, Kuk D, Gonen M, Fong Y . Is port site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer?. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011; 19(2):409-17. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-1850-9. View

Roa E I, Munoz N S, Ibacache S G, de Aretxabala U X . [Natural history of gallbladder cancer. Analysis of biopsy specimens]. Rev Med Chil. 2009; 137(7):873-80. DOI: /S0034-98872009000700002. View

Fuks D, Regimbeau J, Pessaux P, Bachellier P, Raventos A, Mantion G . Is port-site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer?. J Visc Surg. 2013; 150(4):277-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.03.006. View

Goetze T, Paolucci V . Adequate extent in radical re-resection of incidental gallbladder carcinoma: analysis of the German Registry. Surg Endosc. 2010; 24(9):2156-64. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-010-0914-4. View

Adsay V, Jang K, Roa J, Dursun N, Ohike N, Bagci P . Intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasms (ICPN) of the gallbladder (neoplastic polyps, adenomas, and papillary neoplasms that are ≥1.0 cm): clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 123 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012; 36(9):1279-301. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318262787c. View

Yang R, Wang B, Chen Y, Li H, Hu J, Zou S . Efficacy of gemcitabine plus platinum agents for biliary tract cancers: a meta-analysis. Anticancer Drugs. 2013; 24(8):871-7. DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e3283637292. View

10.

Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu J, Wan Y, Qu K, Zhang J . Potential therapeutic targets for the primary gallbladder carcinoma: estrogen receptors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013; 14(4):2185-90. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2185. View

11.

Rai R, Sharma K, Misra S, Kumar A, Mittal B . PSCA gene variants (rs2294008 and rs2978974) confer increased susceptibility of gallbladder carcinoma in females. Gene. 2013; 530(2):172-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.058. View

12.

Fong Y, Wagman L, Gonen M, Crawford J, Reed W, Swanson R . Evidence-based gallbladder cancer staging: changing cancer staging by analysis of data from the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg. 2006; 243(6):767-71. PMC: 1570569. DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000219737.81943.4e. View

13.

Ramos-Font C, Gomez-Rio M, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Jimenez-Heffernan A, Sanchez Sanchez R, Llamas-Elvira J . Ability of FDG-PET/CT in the detection of gallbladder cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2013; 109(3):218-24. DOI: 10.1002/jso.23476. View

14.

Matsuba T, Qiu D, Kurosawa M, Lin Y, Inaba Y, Kikuchi S . Overview of epidemiology of bile duct and gallbladder cancer focusing on the JACC Study. J Epidemiol. 2005; 15 Suppl 2:S150-6. PMC: 8639039. DOI: 10.2188/jea.15.s150. View

15.

Bartlett D, Fong Y, Fortner J, Brennan M, Blumgart L . Long-term results after resection for gallbladder cancer. Implications for staging and management. Ann Surg. 1996; 224(5):639-46. PMC: 1235441. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199611000-00008. View

16.

Pilgrim C, Groeschl R, Christians K, Clark Gamblin T . Modern perspectives on factors predisposing to the development of gallbladder cancer. HPB (Oxford). 2013; 15(11):839-44. PMC: 4503280. DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12046. View

17.

Yamasaki A, Chijiiwa K, Jimi S, Hotokezaka M, Asada T, Etoh T . Multiseptate gallbladder: report of a case. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008; 55(84):859-60. View

18.

Shimizu H, Kimura F, Yoshidome H, Ohtsuka M, Kato A, Yoshitomi H . Aggressive surgical approach for stage IV gallbladder carcinoma based on Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery classification. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007; 14(4):358-65. DOI: 10.1007/s00534-006-1188-z. View

19.

Hawkins W, DeMatteo R, Jarnagin W, Ben-Porat L, Blumgart L, Fong Y . Jaundice predicts advanced disease and early mortality in patients with gallbladder cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004; 11(3):310-5. DOI: 10.1245/aso.2004.03.011. View

20.

Downing S, Cadogan K, Ortega G, Oyetunji T, Siram S, Chang D . Early-stage gallbladder cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database: effect of extended surgical resection. Arch Surg. 2011; 146(6):734-8. DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.2011.128. View