Essentiality of Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A), a Universal TRNA Modification, in Bacteria

Overview

Journal Mol Microbiol

Specialties Microbiology
Molecular Biology

Date 2015 Sep 5

PMID 26337258

Citations 61

Authors

Patrick C Thiaville

Basma El Yacoubi

Caroline Kohrer

Jennifer J Thiaville

Chris Deutsch

Dirk Iwata-Reuyl

Jo Marie Bacusmo

Jean Armengaud

Yoshitaka Bessho

Collin Wetzel

Xiaoyu Cao

Patrick A Limbach

Uttam L RajBhandary

Valerie de Crecy-Lagard

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A) is a modified nucleoside universally conserved in tRNAs in all three kingdoms of life. The recently discovered genes for t(6)A synthesis, including tsaC and tsaD, are essential in model prokaryotes but not essential in yeast. These genes had been identified as antibacterial targets even before their functions were known. However, the molecular basis for this prokaryotic-specific essentiality has remained a mystery. Here, we show that t(6)A is a strong positive determinant for aminoacylation of tRNA by bacterial-type but not by eukaryotic-type isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases and might also be a determinant for the essential enzyme tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthetase. We confirm that t(6)A is essential in Escherichia coli and a survey of genome-wide essentiality studies shows that genes for t(6)A synthesis are essential in most prokaryotes. This essentiality phenotype is not universal in Bacteria as t(6)A is dispensable in Deinococcus radiodurans, Thermus thermophilus, Synechocystis PCC6803 and Streptococcus mutans. Proteomic analysis of t(6)A(-) D. radiodurans strains revealed an induction of the proteotoxic stress response and identified genes whose translation is most affected by the absence of t(6)A in tRNAs. Thus, although t(6)A is universally conserved in tRNAs, its role in translation might vary greatly between organisms.

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