Fully Integrated CMOS Microsystem for Electrochemical Measurements on 32 × 32 Working Electrodes at 90 Frames Per Second

Overview

Journal Anal Chem

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2014 Jun 19

PMID 24941330

Citations 22

Authors

Joerg Rothe

Olivier Frey

Alexander Stettler

Yihui Chen

Andreas Hierlemann

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Microelectrode arrays offer the potential to electrochemically monitor concentrations of molecules at high spatial resolution. However, current systems are limited in the number of sensor sites, signal resolution, and throughput. Here, we present a fully integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) system with an array of 32 × 32 working electrodes to perform electrochemical measurements like amperometry and voltammetry. The array consists of platinum electrodes with a center-to-center distance of 100 μm and electrode diameters of 5 to 50 μm. Currents in the range from 10 μA down to pA can be measured. The current is digitized by sigma-delta converters at a maximum resolution of 13.3 bits. The integrated noise is 220 fA for a bandwidth of 100 Hz, allowing for detection of pA currents. Currents can be continuously acquired at up to 1 kHz bandwidth, or the whole array can be read out rapidly at a frame rate of up to 90 Hz. The results of the electrical characterization meet the requirements of a wide range of electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammograms and amperometric images of high spatial and temporal resolution.

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