Swine Influenza in Norway: a Distinct Lineage of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus

Overview

Journal Influenza Other Respir Viruses

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2013 Nov 15

PMID 24224816

Citations 3

Authors

Hilde Forberg

Anna G Hauge

Britt Gjerset

Olav Hungnes

Anette Kilander

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Since the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was first introduced to the Norwegian pig population in September 2009, it has repeatedly been detected in pigs in Norway. No other subtypes of influenza virus are circulating in Norwegian pigs.

Objective: To follow the diversity of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in pigs in Norway and to investigate the relationship between viruses circulating in Norwegian pigs and in humans.

Methods: Between January 2011 and January 2013, nasal swabs from 507 pigs were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus by real-time RT-PCR. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of virus-positive samples was sequenced and compared with publically available sequences from viruses circulating in humans at the time.

Results: Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in Norwegian pigs early in 2011 resembled the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in humans during this time. Viruses detected in pigs by the end of 2011 had acquired four characteristic amino acid substitutions (N31D, S84I S164F, and N473D) and formed a distinct phylogenetic group.

Conclusions: A(H1N1)pdm09 virus detected in Norwegian pigs by the end of 2011 formed a distinct genetic lineage. Also, our findings indicate that reverse-zoonotic transmission from humans to pigs of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus is still important.

Citing Articles

Human to animal transmission of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in a turkey breeder flock in Norway.

Sjurseth S, Gjerset B, Bragstad K, Hungnes O, Wisloff H, Er C Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2018; 7(1):1416249.

PMID: 29296243 PMC: 5738641. DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2017.1416249.

Pulmonary changes in Norwegian fatal cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) infection: a morphologic and molecular genetic study.

Voltersvik P, Aqrawi L, Dudman S, Hungnes O, Bostad L, Brokstad K Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016; 10(6):525-531.

PMID: 27413002 PMC: 5059952. DOI: 10.1111/irv.12410.

Swine influenza in Norway: a distinct lineage of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.

Forberg H, Hauge A, Gjerset B, Hungnes O, Kilander A Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013; 7 Suppl 4:21-6.

PMID: 24224816 PMC: 5655891. DOI: 10.1111/irv.12194.

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