» Articles » PMID: 23921101

Neuroimaging of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort

Abstract

The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) is a large-scale, NIMH funded initiative to understand how brain maturation mediates cognitive development and vulnerability to psychiatric illness, and understand how genetics impacts this process. As part of this study, 1445 adolescents ages 8-21 at enrollment underwent multimodal neuroimaging. Here, we highlight the conceptual basis for the effort, the study design, and the measures available in the dataset. We focus on neuroimaging measures obtained, including T1-weighted structural neuroimaging, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion neuroimaging using arterial spin labeling, functional imaging tasks of working memory and emotion identification, and resting state imaging of functional connectivity. Furthermore, we provide characteristics regarding the final sample acquired. Finally, we describe mechanisms in place for data sharing that will allow the PNC to become a freely available public resource to advance our understanding of normal and pathological brain development.

Citing Articles

Dev-Atlas: A reference atlas of functional brain networks for typically developing adolescents.

Doucet G, Goldsmith C, Myers K, Rice D, Ende G, Pavelka D Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2025; 72:101523.

PMID: 39938145 PMC: 11870229. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101523.


A lightweight generative model for interpretable subject-level prediction.

Mauri C, Cerri S, Puonti O, Muhlau M, Van Leemput K Med Image Anal. 2025; 101:103436.

PMID: 39793217 PMC: 11876000. DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103436.


Approximating R1 and R2: A Quantitative Approach to Clinical Weighted MRI.

Moskovich S, Shtangel O, Mezer A Hum Brain Mapp. 2024; 45(18):e70102.

PMID: 39698763 PMC: 11656103. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.70102.


Distinguishing deception from its confounds by improving the validity of fMRI-based neural prediction.

Lee S, Niu R, Zhu L, Kayser A, Hsu M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024; 121(50):e2412881121.

PMID: 39642199 PMC: 11648856. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2412881121.


Tbx1 haploinsufficiency leads to local skull deformity, paraflocculus and flocculus dysplasia, and motor-learning deficit in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Eom T, Schmitt J, Li Y, Davenport C, Steinberg J, Bonnan A Nat Commun. 2024; 15(1):10510.

PMID: 39638997 PMC: 11621701. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54837-3.


References
1.
Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P . Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997; 36(7):980-8. DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021. View

2.
Marcus D, Olsen T, Ramaratnam M, Buckner R . The Extensible Neuroimaging Archive Toolkit: an informatics platform for managing, exploring, and sharing neuroimaging data. Neuroinformatics. 2007; 5(1):11-34. DOI: 10.1385/ni:5:1:11. View

3.
Schwartz Y, Barbot A, Thyreau B, Frouin V, Varoquaux G, Siram A . PyXNAT: XNAT in Python. Front Neuroinform. 2012; 6:12. PMC: 3354345. DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00012. View

4.
Casey B, Cohen J, Jezzard P, Turner R, Noll D, Trainor R . Activation of prefrontal cortex in children during a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI. Neuroimage. 1995; 2(3):221-9. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.1995.1029. View

5.
Gogtay N, Giedd J, Lusk L, Hayashi K, Greenstein D, Vaituzis A . Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101(21):8174-9. PMC: 419576. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402680101. View