Bacillus Anthracis Edema Factor Substrate Specificity: Evidence for New Modes of Action

Overview

Journal Toxins (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Toxicology

Date 2012 Aug 2

PMID 22852066

Citations 8

Authors

Martin Gottle

Stefan Dove

Roland Seifert

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Since the isolation of Bacillus anthracis exotoxins in the 1960s, the detrimental activity of edema factor (EF) was considered as adenylyl cyclase activity only. Yet the catalytic site of EF was recently shown to accomplish cyclization of cytidine 5'-triphosphate, uridine 5'-triphosphate and inosine 5'-triphosphate, in addition to adenosine 5'-triphosphate. This review discusses the broad EF substrate specificity and possible implications of intracellular accumulation of cyclic cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate, cyclic uridine 3':5'-monophosphate and cyclic inosine 3':5'-monophosphate on cellular functions vital for host defense. In particular, cAMP-independent mechanisms of action of EF on host cell signaling via protein kinase A, protein kinase G, phosphodiesterases and CNG channels are discussed.

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